Term
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Definition
| Prelim. Principle #1: Nerves we are anesthetizing are usually located _____. We need to get out anesthetic solution in contact with the nerve. |
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Term
| Maxillary = porous, Mandible = non-porous, teeth = pulpal anesthesia |
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Definition
| Prelim. Principle #2: The ____ bone is porous, while the ____ is not. When we want to make teeth numb (____ anesthesia), porous vs. non-porous makes a big difference. |
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Term
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Definition
| Prelim. Principle #3: Nerves which innervate the teeth enterat at the apex of the root. You can mentally project where the apex of the root is, since the length of the root is usually approx. ____ the length of the crown. |
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Term
| Infiltration anesthesia = injecting in area and anesthesia disperses/infiltrates |
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Definition
| Prelim. Principle #4: _____ anesthesia means placing the needle in the area you want anesthetized and injecting. The idea is that the solution will disperse through the tissues and give anesthesia. |
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Term
| Block anesthesia = interrupting nerve impulse |
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Definition
| Prelim. Principle #5: ____ anesthesia means placing your anesthetic solution in such a place that it will block the nerve before it gets to the site you want anesthetized. In this way, the impulse of the nerve is interrupted between the site where the clinician is working and the brain. |
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Term
| The Maxillary nerve is located in the infraorbital groove/canal and foramen, branching down the wall of the maxillary sinus to innervate the maxillary teeth and buccal gingiva. |
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Definition
| The Maxillary nerve is located in the ____ groove/canal and foramen, branching down the wall of the ____ ____ to innervate the ___ teeth and ____ gingiva. |
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Term
| maxillary division of the V cranial nerve |
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Definition
| The infraorbital nerve is a branch of the ____ division of the trigeminal (___ cranial) nerve. |
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Term
| Infraorbital nerve, infraorbital foramen, innervates soft tissue only |
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Definition
| At the anterior edge of the orbit the _____ nerve comes fromthe orbit into the bone and emerges onto the face just below the orbit, through the _____ foramen. It innervates ______ only. |
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Term
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Definition
| ____ nerve innervates soft tissue of lip, cheek, side of nose, and inferior eyelid. |
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Term
| Infraorbital nerve --> MSA, ASA |
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Definition
| During its course through the floor of the orbit, the ____ nerve gives off branches = the _____ superior alveolar nerve and the ____ superior alveolar nerve. |
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Term
| pterygopalatine fossa, PSA |
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Definition
| Posterior to going into the orbit, the maxillary nerve goes through the _____ _____ and gives off the ____ superior alveolar nerve. |
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Term
| dental plexus, maxillary teeth |
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Definition
| ASA, MSA, and PSA all form a ____ ____, a mesh work of nerves, which innervates the pulps of the ____ teeth. |
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Term
| dental (superior alveolar) plexus |
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Definition
| The _________ allows overlap between the innervation of ASA, MSA and PSA, making anesthesia in this area more forgiving. |
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Term
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Definition
| The ____ superior alveolar nerve is not always present. |
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Term
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Definition
| When anesthetizing the ___ teeth, there is always the option of infiltration because the bone is porous enough that anesthetic solution will diffuse through to the nerve plexus and pulps of the teeth. In ____ teeth, however, infiltration is not an option. |
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Term
1. Infiltration
2. Blocking ASA
3. Anesthetize infraorbital nerve before it exits infraorbital foramen |
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Definition
| List the 3 options for Maxillary Pulpal Anesthesia: |
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Term
1. infiltration
2 MSA nerve block |
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Definition
| List the 2 options in Maxillary pulpal anesthesia of premolar teeth. |
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Term
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Definition
| To anesthetize the premolars, the needle is directed on the long axis of the ____ premolar to approximately the level of the ____. |
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Term
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Definition
| To administer infiltration, anesthetic is applied under the mucosa approximately next to the ______ of the tooth in question. |
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Term
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Definition
| T/F: If the operator inject some anesthetic solution such that it enters the infraorbital foramen, the anesthetic will travel up the infraorbital canal far enough to reach the ASA before it branches from the nerve. |
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Term
1. the maxillary anterior region
2 MSA which will anesthetize the max premolars |
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Definition
| If the infraorbital nerve is anesthetized into the infraorbital foramen, what areas would be anesthetized? |
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Term
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Definition
| Easiest way to the infraorbital foramen is to follow the long axis of the ___ premolar. |
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Term
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Definition
| If the infraorbital nerve is anesthetized, its two main branches, ____ and ____, will also be anesthetized. |
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Term
1. infiltration
2. PSA nerve block |
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Definition
| List the 2 options for anesthetizing maxillary molar teeth. |
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Term
| maxillary nerve, pterygopalatine fossa |
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Definition
| PSA branches from the ____ nerve in the ____ fossa. It is NOT a branch of the infraorbital nerve. |
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Term
| False! It is a branch of the maxillary nerve. |
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Definition
| T/F: The PSA is a branch of the infraorbital nerve. |
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Term
| molar, MB root of the maxillary 1st molar |
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Definition
| The PSA innervates maxillary ____ teeth except for the ____ ____ of the maxillary ____ ____, which is innervated by the MSA. |
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Term
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Definition
| The PSA nerve enters the backside of the ____ ____. This spot appears as a rough area on a skull. |
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Term
| upward, inward, and backward, laterally |
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Definition
| In PSA nerve block, the anesthetic needle is inserted ____, _____ and ____ allowing the needle tip to approach the posterior surface of the maxillary tuberosity, then swing the barrel of the syringe _____ at the corner of the roof and wall of the vestibule meet. |
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Term
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Definition
| The maxillary ____ gingiva will always be anesthetized in buccal or labial infiltration. Anesthetizing a maxillary tooth (ASA, MSA and PSA) will always anesthetize this area. |
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Term
| False! They will never anesthetize the palate. |
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Definition
| T/F: ASA, MSA, and PSA will give pulpal, buccal and palatal anesthesia. |
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Term
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Definition
| The ___ is innervated by branches of the maxillary nerve entering at both the back and front of it. |
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Term
| greater palatine nerve, pterygopalatine fossa |
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Definition
| The ____ nerve comes to the palate via the greater palatine foramen. The nerve comes from the ____ fossa on each side to innervate the posterior palate of that side. |
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Term
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Definition
| The greater palatine foramen is a soft spot at the level of the ___/___ molar. |
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Term
| nasopalatine nerve, pterygopalatine fossa |
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Definition
| The ___ nerve enters the palate via the incisive foramen. It also originates at the ____ fossa and runs down the nasal septum to enter the incisive canal and foramen. |
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Term
| False! The nasopalatine nerve exits the incisive foramen. The incisive nerve is on the mandible. |
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Definition
| T/F: The incisive nerve exits the incisive foramen in the maxillar. |
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Term
| infiltration, block anesthesia |
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Definition
| ____ on the palate is indicated for onlyanesthetizing 1 or 2 teeth, while ___ anasthesia is indicated when anesthetizing more than 2. |
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Term
| anterior middle superior alveolar injection (AMSA) |
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Definition
| ____ injection is a new, single site palatal injection which anesthetizes from the 2nd premolar to the central incisor, palatal and pulpal. There is no collateral numbness to patient's lip/face. |
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Term
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Definition
| The ____ injection is made palatal to the maxillary 1st premolar where the roof meets the wall, anesthetizing palatal soft tissue and pulpal of premolars and anteriors. |
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Term
| autonomic nervous system = 2 neurons in sequence |
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Definition
| The ____ nervous system must have two neurons in sequence. |
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Term
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Definition
| T/F: Both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system must have 2 neurons in sequence. |
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Term
| smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands |
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Definition
| The autonomic nervous system innervates only three things ____, ____ and ____. |
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Term
| autonomic nervous system = entirely motor |
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Definition
| The ____ nervous system is entirely motor. |
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Term
| III, VII, IX, X cranial nerves = parasympathetic innervation |
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Definition
| Parasympathetic innervation is supplied by cranial nerves ___, ___, ___ and ___. |
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Term
| sympathetic has longer post ganglion than parasympathetic and used NE and ACh |
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Definition
| The ___ nervous system has a longer post ganglion than the ____ nervous system and uses norepinephrine and ACh as chemical mediators. |
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Term
| parasympathetic longer preganglion than sympathetic and uses ACh |
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Definition
| ____ nervous system has a longer preganglion than ____ nervous system and uses ACh as a chemical mediator. |
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Term
| Olfactory nerve, cranial nerve I, exits from cribriform plate and transmits sense of smell. Sensory only. |
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Definition
| Cranial nerve I, ____ nerve, exits the cranium via the cribriform plate and transmits the sense of smell. It is sensory only. |
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Term
| optic nerve, cranial nerve II, sensory only, sense of sight, optic foramen and canal |
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Definition
| The Optic nerve, cranial nerve ___, is sensory only, transmits sense of sight and exits the cranium through the optic foramen and canal. |
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Term
| cranial nerve III, Oculomotor nerve, motor, 4 of 6 eye muscles and focusing, superior orbital fissure |
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Definition
| Cranial nerve III, the ____ nerve, is motor and innervates 4 of the 6 muscles that move the eye also controls focus and light control through PNS. Exits the cranium though the superior orbital fissure. |
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Term
| trochlear, cranial nerve IV, motor, one muscle of eye, superior orbital fissure along with cranial nerve III, oculomotor nerve |
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Definition
| The trochlear nerve, cranial nerve ___, is ____ and supplies one muscle that moves the eyeball and exits the superior orbital fissure along with cranial nerve ____, ____ nerve. |
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Term
| trigeminal nerve, opthalmic division, maxillary division, and mandibular division |
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Definition
| Cranial nerve V, the ____ nerve, is both sensory and motor with three branches: ____, ____ and ____. |
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Term
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Definition
| The ____ nerve is sensory to the head and motor to muscles of mastication. |
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Term
| Max/opthalmic = entirely sensory |
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Definition
| Maxillary and opthalmic divisions are entirely (sensory/motor) where as the mandibular is partially so. |
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Term
| muscles of mastication, mylohyoid, ant belly of digastric and any muscle with "tensor" in it |
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Definition
| The trigeminal nerve is motor to ____, ____, ____ and and muscle with ___ it its name. |
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Term
opthalmic = superior orbital fissure
maxillary = foramen rotundum
mandibular = foramen ovale |
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Definition
| The opthalmic division of V exits the cranium via the _____, the maxillary division exits through the ____ and the mandibular division exits through ____. |
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Term
| cranial nerve VI, abducens, motor to one muscle of eye, superior orbital fissure |
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Definition
| Cranial nerve ___, the abducens nerve is motor, supplies one muscles that moves the eyeball and exits the cranium through the superior orbital fissure. |
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Term
| cranial nerve VII, facial, exits through int acoustic meatus, juice above by greater petrosal branch, juice below by chorda tympani branch and taste to ant 2/3 of tongue. both motor and sensory |
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Definition
| Cranial nerve ___, the facial nerve exits the cranium through ____ and brings motor innervation to muscles of facial expressions and supplies parasympathetic innervation to "juice" above by ___ ___ branch and "juice" below by ___ ___ branch. It also supplies taste to ant 2/3 of tongue. |
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Term
| facial nerve, cranial nerve VII |
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Definition
| ___ nerve brings motor innervation to the muscles of facial expression, including buccinator and orbicularis oris. |
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Term
Above = greater petrosal
Below = chorda tympani |
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Definition
| Facial nerve stimulates juice above plane of occlusion by ___ ___ branch except for the parotid gland and juice below plane of occlusion by ___ ___ branch. |
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Term
| vestibulochoclear nerve, cranial nerve VIII |
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Definition
| The ___ nerve, cranial never VIII, is sensory, exits at the internal acoustic meatus and deals with equilibrium and balance and hearing. |
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Term
| cranial nerve IX glossopharnygeal |
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Definition
| ___ nerve is both sensory and motor, and exits from the jugular foramen, innervates the stylopharnygeal muscle, pharynx, posterior 1/3 of tongue, stimulates parotid gland to secrete |
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Term
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Definition
| the vagus nerve is (sensory/motor/both) and exits the cranium through the jugular foramen. |
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Term
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Definition
| the ___ nerve supplies parasympathetic innervation to thorax and abdominal viscera and viscera of body, motor innervation to pharynx, larynx and palate. |
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Term
| motor, jugular foramen, SCM and trapezius muscle |
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Definition
| the spinal accessory nerve is ____, exits through the ____ ____, supplies innervation to ____ and ___ muscles. |
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Term
| cranial nerve XII, motor, hypoglossal foramen, intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of tongue |
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Definition
| the hypoglossal nerve, cranial nerve ____, is (sensory/motor/both), exits through the ____ ____ ans supplies innervation to ____ and ____ muscles of the ____. |
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Term
| Oolfactory, Optic, Ooculomotor, Trochlear, Trigeminal, Abducens, Facial, Vestibulocochlear, Glossopharyngeal, Vagus, Accessory(spinal), Hypoglossal |
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Definition
| Name the twelve cranial nerves. |
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Term
| On occasion, our trusty truck acts funny. Very good vehicle any how. Olfactory, Optic, Oculomotor, Trochlear, Trigeminal, Abducens, Facial, Vestibulocochlear, Glossopharyngeal, Vagus, Accessory(spinal), Hypoglossal |
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Definition
| Say the sentence to remember twelve cranial nerves and name twelve cranial nerves. |
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Term
| Some say marry money, but my brother says big brains matter more. Olfactory (S), Optic (S), Oculomotor (M), Trochlear (M), Trigeminal (B), Abducens (M), Facial (B), Vestibulocochlear (S), Glossopharyngeal (B), Vagus (B), Accessory(spinal) (M), Hypoglossal (M) |
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Definition
| Say the sentence to remember sensory/motor/both and list 12 cranial nerves. |
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Term
| III (eye), VII (salivary glands), IX (parotid gland) and X (viscera of thorax and abdomen) |
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Definition
| Name the 4 cranial nerves that carry sympathetic innervation and what they innervate. |
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Term
| I (smell), II (sight), VII and IX (taste), VIII (hearing/balance) |
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Definition
| Name the 4 cranial nerves that carry special senses and list the special sense. |
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Term
| V (sensory to ant 2/3), VII (taste to ant 2/3), IX (taste/sensory to post 1/3), X (visceral sensation from base of tongue and epiglottis), XII (motor to all muscles of tongue except palatoglossus) |
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Definition
| Name the 5 cranial nerves that innervate the tongue and what they innervate. |
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Term
| VII (corda tympani and greater petrosal for saliva above and below plane of occlusion), IX (parotid gland) |
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Definition
| Name 2 cranial nerves associated with salivary glands and what they do. |
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Term
| V (muscles of mastication and sensory to mucous membranes), VII (motor to muscles of facial expression, taste to ant 2/3, innervation to salivary glands), IX (taste and sensory to post 1/3, parotid), X (motor to larynx/pharynx), XII (motor to all muscles of tongue) |
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Definition
| Name 5 cranial nerves associated with chewing and swallowing and what they do. |
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Term
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Definition
| List the 4 nerves used in swallowing |
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Term
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Definition
| The mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve enters the infratemporal fossal through the ____ ____. |
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Term
| incisive and mental nerves |
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Definition
| The inferior alveolar nerve enters the mandibular foramen and runs within the mandible. It ends by dividing into the ___ and ___ nerves. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ nerves comes out of the mental foramen and innervates soft tissue only. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ nerve continues on inside the mandible bringing pulpal innervation to the lower anterior teeth. |
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Term
| 1st T, 2nd F (IAN branch of MANDIBULAR division) |
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Definition
| T/F: Pulps of mandibular teeth are all innervated by the inferior alveolar nerve and its branches. IAN is a branch of the maxillary division of trigeminal nerve. |
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Term
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Definition
| IAN enters mandibular foramen on the ___ side of the mandible. |
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Term
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Definition
| T/F: IAN can only be blocked proximal to its entry into the mandible. |
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Term
| mandibular foramen, lingula |
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Definition
| The injection site for IAN nerve block is slightly above the ____ foramen at the level of the _____ which is slightly above the plane of occlusion. |
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Term
| 1st true, 2nd false (rather be too deep and too high) |
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Definition
| T/F: You would rather be too high than too ow when missing a IAN block, but would rather be too shallow than too deep. |
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Term
| pterygomandibular raphe and coronoid notch of mandible |
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Definition
| In order to give the IAN block you want to see the ____ ___ and ___ ___ of the mandible. |
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Term
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Definition
| To effectively reach the IAN the needle is oriented with the barrel over the premoars of the (same/opposite) side. |
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Term
| False! you want to stay slightly lateral, you do not want to hit the medial pterygoid muscle |
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Definition
| T/F: You want to stay slightly medial to the pterygomandibular raphe when injecting the IAN so that you hit the medial pterygoid muscle. |
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Term
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Definition
| To inject the IAN we will use ____ of the length of a long needle. |
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Term
| true! the IAN may be accessed at the mental foramen by using incisive block also! |
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Definition
| T/F: infiltration is often successful for the lower incisors. |
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Term
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Definition
| The mental foramen is consistently between the apices of the mandibular ___ teeth. |
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Term
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Definition
| T/F: anesthetizing the IAN will almost always numb the lingual soft tissue in the mandibular area. |
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Term
| 1. infiltration, 2. IAN block/lingual nerve block |
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Definition
| Name the 2 ways to achieve anesthesia on the lingual of the mandible. |
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Term
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Definition
| T/F: Anesthetizing the IAN will numb the lower quadrant including the gingiva and lip in anteriors. anesthetizing just the mental nerve at mental foramen will affect only soft tissue in anterior region. |
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Term
| 1. infiltrate, 2. block IAN, 3. block mental nerve at mental foramen |
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Definition
| List 3 ways to numb the labial gingiva of the lower anterior and premolar teeth and adjacent lip. |
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Term
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Definition
| The buccal gingiva is innervated by the ___ ___ nerve which originates from the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve in the infratemporal space. |
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Term
| IAN block then save some anesthesia and block the buccal nerve |
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Definition
| In order to get complete anesthesia of hard and soft tissues in mandible, you want to perform an ____ block and then what? |
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Term
1. infiltration
2. block the long buccal nerve |
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Definition
| Name the 2 ways to anesthetize the mandibular buccal soft tissue. |
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