Term
|
Definition
| Rod predominant at birth; Cones migrate toward the center as retina is exposed to light. Photoreceptors; translates impulses received by the brain then perceived as images |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Formed by mucous membrane lining the anterior surface of the sclera and eyelids and acts along with the tear film as a protective covering for the cornea. Palebral and Bulbar surfaces. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Conjunctiva surface that lines the eyelids; is vascular and covered by papillae. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Conjunctiva surface that covers the sclera, is clear, and contains no papillae and very few blood vessels. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The outermost layer of the exterior wall of the eye, is the firm collagenous layer that protects the intraocular structures. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The most anterior aspect of the eye and acts as a refractory surface for the eye |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Directly posterior to the cornea and filled with aqueous humor and when inflamed or injured collects WBC's. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The junction of the cornea and the sclera. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The pigmented structure containing the sphincter and the dilator muscles, connective tissue, and pigmented epthelium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The absence of color in the iris |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pupil; The center of the iris; controlled by the ciliary body and iris muscles. Constricts of dilates depending on the amount of light entering the eye. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Produces aqueous humor and controls accomodation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Vitreous body, contains a clear gel and is attached to the inner eye at the optic nerve head and anterior margin of the retina. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The interior layer of the eye between the sclera and the retina and is continuous with the iris and ciliary body. Highly vascular; nourishes the receptor cells of the retinal epithelium. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Located in the lateral aspect of the frontal bone in the orbital cavity. Opens into the eyelid margin. Tear production |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Opens into the lacrimal sac, burried in the frontal process of the maxillary bone. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sebaceous glands; located near the hair follicles of the eyelashes in the upper and lower lids. Exude yellowish material in people with allergic reactions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Oblique-arise from ant/post orbit
2. Superior obliques-passes through the trochlea
3. Superior rectus
4. Inferior rectus
5. Lateral rectus
6. Medial rectus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Upper eyelid is elevated by this muscle; inserts into the tarsal plate in the upper eyelid; innervated by the third CN (oculomotor) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An eyelid that droops or has absent or faint lid crease, may be a normal variant or the result of a brachial plexus injury during difficuld delivery. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Retinal vessels and optic nerve fibers enter and exit through this and divide into tow branches on the surface of the optic disc. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pink to orange-red or pale with a yellow cut at its center. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lies medially to the optic nerve on the fundus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A central depression in the macula without vessels and is darker in pigmentation than the retina. The area where vision is the most perfect. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| On the fundus appear thinner and more orange-red than the veins, which are larger and darker. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Arterial to venous ratio is approximately 2:3 in the healthy individual. Vascular changes in the retina reflect abnormal conditions in the systemic vasculature. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bilateral optic disc edema; associated with increased ICP. |
|
|
Term
| Incomplete closure of the eyelid |
|
Definition
| May indicate hyperthyroidism. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An irregular or teardrop shaped iris, indicates a deficit in the visual field and requires immediate referral. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Determines the clarity of the posterior chamber of the eye, the receptivity to light, and the sensitivity of the retina to the visual stimulus. Defects of the cornea, aqueous chamber, lens and vitreous chamber found with assessing RLR. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A whitish opacity of the pupil visible in dim light or in room light is highly abnormal and appears as an absent RLR or partially darkened reflex. |
|
|
Term
| Congenital Cataracts & Retinoblastoma |
|
Definition
| Associated with an absent or incomplete RLR and may have a presenting sign of leukokoria. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hirschberg test; assess alignment of the EOM in the infant and young child. Reflection of light from cornea at distance of 12 inches; determines clarity of lens & alignment and position of the pupil in the visual field. |
|
|
Term
| 6 Cardinal fields of gaze |
|
Definition
| Evaluates 6 extraocular muscles and the 3 ocular CN. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Further evaluates ocular alignment and can be performed as early as 4 months. Deviation=tropia (eso or exo). Continued till 10 years old in order to detect strabismus. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Nonbinocular vision or nonalignment of the eyes causing the visual image to fall on the retina at a distance from the fovea. (Cover test & corneal light reflex) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Monocular loss of vision due to insufficient visual stimulation during the critical part of visual development. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A crossed appearance of the eyes caused by the large epicanthal folds covering the sclera |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Spontaneous, involuntary movement of one or both eyes and is an indication of poor visual acuity. Down syndrome, atrophy of the optic nerve, congenital cataracts, vestibular disturbances and decreased visual acuity. Drug overdose or chemical toxicity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Begins 2-3 yoa with Allen near card. 15-20 ft for the 3-5yoa. Allen cards test to 20/30 or 15/30. Snellen E cards begin in prekindergarten, used until child knows standard letters with accuracy. |
|
|
