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CORNEOSCLERAL COAT - sclera, cornea
VASCULAR COAT - uvea, choroid, ciliary body, iris
RETINA - inner layer, inner neural retina, epi of ciliary body/iris; continuous with CNS through optic nerve |
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| ringlike thickening that extends inward just posterior to corneoscleral junction; ciliary muscle - smooth musc responsible for lens accommodation |
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| contractile diaphragm extends over ant surface of lens; contains smooth musc, melanin-containing pigment cells in CT; highly vascularized CT stroma; posterior pigment epithelium - face posterior chamber; |
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neural retina - inner layer containing light-sensitive receptors, rods and cones, complex neural networks
RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM - outer layer composed of simple cuboidal melanin-containing cells
Externally rests on choroid, internally associated with vitreous body |
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| space between cornea and iris |
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| space between posterior surface of iris and anterior surface of lens |
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| space between posterior surface of lens and neural retina |
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| watery fluid located in anterior and posterior chambers; provides nutrients to avascular cornea and lens; produced by ciliary epithelium; |
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| transparent, crystalline, biconcave structure suspended from inner surface of ciliary body by ring of oriented zonular fibers - ZONULE OF ZINN; |
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| transparent gel substance that fills vitreous chamber; shock absorber; 99% water, with soluble proteins, dispersed collagen, - fluid component, VITREOUS HUMOR |
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CORNEAL EPITHELIUM
Bowman's membrane
CORNEAL STROMA
Descemet's membrane
CORNEAL ENDOTHELIUM |
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| nonkeratinized strat squam epi; continuous with conjunctival epi over sclera; numerous nerve endings; BOWMAN'S MEMBRANE imparts strength to cornea, prevents spread of infection |
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| junction of cornea and sclera; contains stem cells for corneal epithelium; acts as barrier to conjunctival epi cells, prevent migration to cornea |
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| 60 thin lamellae each of PARALLEL bundles of collagen fibrils; uniform collagen/lamellae spacing and orthogonal lamellae array responsible for transparency of cornea; |
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DESCEMET'S MEMBRANE - basal lamina of corneal endothelium; meshwork of fibers/pores; extends peripherally into sclera to form PECTINATE LIGAMENTS
simple squam, faces anterior chamber; junctional complexes; mediates corneal metabolic exchanges; na+/k+ ATPase regulate water content of stroma |
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| thick fibrous layer, flat collagen bundles in various directions; irregularity contributes opacity; 3 layers: EPISCLERA - external, loose CT; SCLERA PROPER - investing fascia of eye, dense thick collagen; LAMINA FUSCA - inner, adjacent to choroid, thinner collagen/elastic fibers, CT cells, mac's melanocytes... |
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| anterior pigment myoepithelium of iris |
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| beneath posterior pigment epithelium; posterior portions laden with melanin granules; boundary with post. pigment epi cells obscured; anterior portions possess contractile elements extending radially that make up DILATOR PUPILLAE MUSCLE of iris |
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| sphincter pupillae muscle |
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| circumferentially oriented smooth muscle celles located in stroma of iris; constriction of pupil; innervated by parasympathetic nerves; reduce pupil in response to bright light |
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| thin sheet of radially oriented contractile processes of pigmented myoepithelial cells constituting the anterior pigment epithelium of the iris. innervated by sympathetic nerves; increases pupil size in response to dim light |
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| thickenings of inner vascular region of ciliary body; continuous with vascular layers of choroid; covered by double layer of columnar epi |
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| double layer of columnar epi cells covering ciliary body and processes; secrete aqueous humor; blood-aqueous barrier; secretion and anchoring of zonular fibers that form suspensory ligament of lens, fibers insert into lens capsule |
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| movement of aqueous humor |
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Definition
| passes from ciliary body toward lens, then bet iris and lens, reaches anterior chamber, passes lateraly between cornea and iris, penetrates limbus, exits via canal of Schlemm - communicates with veins of sclera |
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| dark brown vascular sheet between sclera and retina; CHORIOCAPILLARY LAYER - inner vascular layer, BRUCH'S MEMBRANE - thin, amorphous hyaline membrane |
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| between sclera and retina; traversed by thin branching lamellae passing from sclera to choroid, CT elements between |
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| 2 basic layers: NEURAL RETINA: inner layer with photoreceptor cells; RPE:outer layer attached through Bruch's membrane to choriocapillary layer of choroid; potential space between layers - retinal detachment possible |
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| 2 regions: NONPHOTOSENSITIVE REGION - anterior to ora serrata, inner aspect of ciliary, posterior surface of iris; PHOTOSENSITIVE REGION - lines inner surface of eye posterior to ora serrata, pierced by optic nerve |
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| site where optic nerve joins retina; devoid of photoreceptor cells - blind spot in visual field; |
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| shallow depression located laterally to optic disc; area of greatest visual acuity; visual axis of eyes passes through; MACULA LUTEA - yellow zone surrounding fovea; highest concentration, most precisely organized visual elements |
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RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM - outer layer, not part of neural retina, intimately associated though
LAYER OF RODS & CONES - outer, inner segments of photoreceptor cells
OUTER LIMITING MEMBRANE - apical boundary of Muller's cells
OUTER NUCLEAR LAYER - cell bodies of retinal rods/cones
OUTER PLEXIFORM LAYER - processes of retinal rods/cones, processes of horizontal, amacrine, bipolar cells that connect to them
INNER NUCLEAR LAYER - cell bodies of horizontal, amacrine, bipolar, Muller's cells
INNER PLEXIFORM LAYER - processes of horizontal, amacrine, bipolar, ganglion cells that connect to each other
GANGLION CELL LAYER - contains cell bodies of ganglions
LAYER OF OPTIC NERVE FIBERS - processes of ganglion cells that lead from retina to brain
INNER LIMITING MEMBRANE - basal lamina of Muller's cells |
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| outer segments of photoreceptor cells whose nuclei form outer nuclear layer of retina; rods - sensitive to light, grayscale; cones - 3 types, sensitive to red, blue, green |
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| form scaffolding for entire retina; processes invest other cells of retina; basal and apical ends form inner and outer limiting membranes |
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| capsule - thick basal lamina, primarily type IV collagen; subcapsular epithelium - cuboidal layer of cells only on anterior surface of lens; lens fibers - derived from subcapsular epithelial cells, cells fill with CRYSTALLINS organize orthogonally |
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| thin, transparent mucous membrane extending from corneoscleral limbus across sclera, covers internal surface of eyelids; strat. columnar epi with globelet cells - component of tears |
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| production of tears; beneath conjunctiva; serous acini |
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