Term
| distance of the snellen chart should be ____ft from the pt. If not at that distance, state findings as “xx/xx equivalent” |
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Definition
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Term
| Check visual acuity in each eye without/with corrective lenses first , then each eye without/with correction |
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Definition
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Term
| 20/200 vision. What does this mean? |
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Definition
| patient can read at 20 feet what the average person can read at 200 feet |
|
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Term
Legal blindness is vision not correctable to better than
__/__ |
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Definition
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|
Term
______ Chart – tests near vision
Card held ___” from eyes
Good ____ is a must |
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Definition
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|
Term
____ Chart – tests far vision
Held ____' from the pt |
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Definition
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Term
| Right visual field is seen by left/right temporal view and left/right nasal view. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| left visual field is seen by left/right temporal view and left/right nasal view |
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Definition
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Term
| information from left visual field is carried along optic tract to the left/right side of the brain. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| information from right visual field is carried along optic tract to the left/right side of the brain. |
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Definition
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Term
| Nasal view of right eye is controlled by right/left brain |
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Definition
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Term
| Temporal view of right eye is read by the right/left side of brain |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| nasal view of left eye is controlled by right/left side of brain |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Temporal view of left eye is read by the right/left side of brain |
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Definition
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Term
| If you have a pituitary tumor, you will compress optic chiasm so you will loose nasal/temporal portion vision. This is called: __________ hemianopsia. |
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Definition
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Term
| If have lesion of the optic tract posterior to the optic chiasm on the right side, you will lose ___ & ___ vision. |
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Definition
| right nasal & left temporal |
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Term
| ________: Defined as space within which an object can be seen while the eye remains fixed on a point straight ahead. Is tested by ______. |
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Definition
Peripheral vision
confrontation |
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|
Term
Expected visual fields tested by confrontation:
Laterally __-__ degrees
Medially about __ degrees
Superiorly __-__ degrees
Inferiorly __-__ degrees |
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Definition
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Term
| ______- cloudiness of the lens – central vision loss |
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Definition
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Term
| _____is a disease in which the optic nerve is damaged, leading to progressive, irreversible loss of vision. It is often associated with increased pressure of the fluid in the eye |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ – results in a loss of vision in the center of the visual field (the _____) because of damage and degeneration of the retina. |
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Definition
Macular degeneration
macula |
|
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Term
_____ is damage to the eye's retina that occurs with long-term diabetes.
Symptoms include:
Blurred vision and gradual vision loss
Floaters
Shadows or missing areas of vision
Difficulty seeing at nighttime |
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Definition
|
|
Term
_______- Loss of half of the visual field
Can be either _____ (on the same side in both eyes) or ______ (of different visual field halves) |
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Definition
Hemianopsia
homonymous
heteronymous |
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Term
| Males are more likely to be ____ because females would have to have 2 defective X genes. |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ causes loss or thinning of lateral 1/3 of eyebrows |
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Definition
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Term
| Involuntary movements or fasiculations of eyelids are common w/ _________ |
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Definition
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Term
__________ is the turning out of the eyelid (usually the lower eyelid) so that the inner surface is exposed
Symptoms:
Dry, painful eyes
Excess tearing of the eye (epiphora)
Eyelid turns outward |
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Definition
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|
Term
| ______ is an inflammation of the eyelash follicles, along the edge of the eyelid. Causes crusting. |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ involves the turning in of the edges of the eyelid (usually the lower eyelid) so that the lashes rub against the eye surface. |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ swelling in the tissues around the eyes. It is almost exclusively caused by fluid buildup around the eyes. When it gets really bad, Need to think of kidney & liver diseases b/c of disruptive protein metabolism. Protein in blood has pressure that pulls water into the blood vessels so if don’t have that pressure, water seeps out into the tissues. Liver not making protein or kidneys dumping all of it out. |
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Definition
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Term
| ______ is also called "drooping eyelid." It is caused by weakness of the muscle responsible for raising the eyelid, damage to the nerves that control those muscles, or looseness of the skin of the upper eyelids |
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Definition
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Term
| _______ sharply demarcated yellowish collection of cholesterol underneath the skin, usually on or around the eyelids |
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Definition
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Term
| __________ infection of the hair follicle at the base of the eyelashes. can be seen externally as a small red bump |
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Definition
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Term
| ________ small bump in the inner eyelid caused by inflammation of a blocked meibomian gland (a sebacious gland that secretes an oil that keeps your tears from swelling up). usually painless. |
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Definition
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Term
| ________- acute inflammation of the lacrimal gland at the temporal edge of the orbit |
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Definition
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Term
| ______– obstruction, inflammation of the nasolacrimal duct (tear duct) at the inferior nasal side of the orbit |
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Definition
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Term
| Patient looks up while examiner gently draws the lower lid down To inspect the ________ |
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Definition
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Term
| Usually only inspect Upper eyelid conjunctiva if _____ or _____ suspected |
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Definition
| foreign body or pathology |
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Term
| If conjunctiva is pale, you are concerned about ______ |
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Definition
anemia
however, should be concerned about anemia first and then check for paleness |
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Term
| _____ a type of conjunctivitis that is characterised by giant papillae (projections) and follicles on the inner upper eyelid. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| ______: Ruptured blood vessel under conjunctiva with a definable/distinct border. Not dangerous, will go away on its own. |
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Definition
| Subconjunctival hemorrhage |
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|
Term
Purulent discharge from the eye is from a _____ infection.
Watery discharge is from a _____ or _______ infection |
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Definition
bacterial
viral or allergic |
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Term
| ______ Abnormal growth of conjunctiva over cornea, more commonly from nasal side. from Wind and sun exposure |
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Definition
|
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Term
| _________ type of conjunctival degeneration in the eye. a yellowing of the sclera. Associated with sun exposure |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ is the swelling (or edema) of the conjunctiva. not seen as often – could be due to allergies or virus |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Sclera is normally china white, but Normal variant - brown spots of _____ can be present in pt of darker complexion |
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Definition
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|
Term
| _____ Yellowish sclera; jaundice associated with liver diseases |
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Definition
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|
Term
| _____: may indicate osteogenesis imperfecta (Brittle Bone Disease) |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Opacities in the cornea may indicate ______ formation |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| _____ Lipid ring in the periphery of the cornea seen as whitish/bluish discoloration around the iris |
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Definition
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|
Term
| ______ are caused by trauma and infections. can sometimes by accompanied by __________. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| _____ is pus in the eye seen in the anterior chamber |
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Definition
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Term
| ______ caused by shingles on face – can cause lesions on cornea that can be viewed under Wood’s Lamp |
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Definition
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|
Term
| ______ the only place to visualize vascular system without sophisticated imaging technology |
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Definition
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Term
| ______– pupillary constriction |
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Definition
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|
Term
| ______– pupillary dilation |
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Definition
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|
Term
_____– is a condition characterized by an unequal size of the pupils. usually the result of a defect in efferent nervous pathways controlling the pupil
One eye dilated & the other constricted |
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Definition
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|
Term
| ______ is an acute infection of the tissues immediately surrounding the eye, including the eyelids, eyebrow, and cheek. With limited and painful eye movements. |
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Definition
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|
Term
______ is an infection of the tissues surrounding the eye.
Can move eye without problems. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| fragments of _____ in the eyes after a varying length of time show discoloration of the iris, a brownish staining of the cornea, or brownish staining of the lens depending on the location of the deposit and the amount of rusting. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Scleral injection is a term used to describe .... |
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Definition
| Red eyes -> caused by enlarged, dilated blood vessels, leading to the appearance of redness on the surface of the eye. |
|
|
Term
| non-icteric is a term used to describe.... |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______ refers to a difference in coloration, usually of the iris |
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Definition
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Term
| If child under the age of 2 gets ______, will have myosis, mild ptosis, & heterochromia of affected eye. The affected side of face will have a lack of sweating b/c it affects sympathetic nervous system |
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Definition
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|
Term
| _____________ – lid retraction, lid lag, auto-immune mediated proteinaceous accumulation in retrobulbar area |
|
Definition
| Hyperthyroid Ophthalmopathy (Exophthalmosis) |
|
|
Term
| Increase in firmness of the globes could be attributed to (3) |
|
Definition
Hyperthyroidism
Glaucoma
Retrobulbar tumor |
|
|
Term
| Lateral rectus moves eyes ________ |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Medial rectus moves eyes ______ |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Inferior rectus moves the eyes _____ |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Superior rectus moves eyes ______ |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Inferior oblique moves eyes _______ |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Superior oblique moves the eyes _______ |
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Definition
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|
Term
| _______is a form of involuntary eye movement either horizontally, vertically or rotary |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| vertical & rotary Nystagmus are always _______ |
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Definition
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|
Term
| _______ is a condition in which the eyes are not properly aligned with each other |
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Definition
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|
Term
| if hirshberg test is positive then you would proceed with a _________ test |
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Definition
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|
Term
________ Test
Pt fixes gaze on an object
Examiner covers one eye with object, holding in place for several seconds
Uncover eye and observe for movement as it focuses on the same object
If it moves significantly to focus, then that is a problem |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| ________ Outward gaze during cover uncover test |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| _________ Inward gaze during cover uncover test |
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Definition
|
|
Term
____________ Tests for eye balance, specifically strabismus (eyes do not focus on same point in space)
Light shone into eyes from distance
Should reflect at same spot on each pupil |
|
Definition
| Corneal Light Reflex – a.k.a. Hirschberg Test |
|
|
Term
| Eye directed outward during corneal light reflex = _____(corneal light reflex deflected ____) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Eye directed inward during corneal light reflex = _______(corneal light reflex deflected _______) |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| ______ is a condition when each eye focuses on a different point |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| _____ muscle (weak, partially paralyzed) or _____ (unable to move) causes eyes to look in different directions, images separate, and pt sees two images = ______ |
|
Definition
Paretic
paralyzed
Diplopia |
|
|
Term
______ test: Denotes an abnormality of the optic
nerve |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __________ – the ability of the eyes to come to focus in the midline with constriction of pupils when focusing on an object up close |
|
Definition
| Convergence and Accomodation |
|
|
Term
| pupils constrict/dilate with up close objects and constrict/dilate with far wision |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Intact accommodation with a defect in light reflex abililty sometimes seen in _______(neuropathy, slow to react) and _____(Argyll Robertson pupil) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Corneal Reflex Tests:
CN __ – sensory to cornea
CN __ – motor to produce blink |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During The Ophthalmoscopic Examination, put Right hand-right eye to view patient’s ___ eye; Left hand - left eye to view patient’s ___ eye |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ________ = minus diopter (lens power) on the ophthalmoscope |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____ = plus diopter (Lens power) on the ophthalmoscope |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| In a normal optic fundus, Veins are _____ & _____ than arteries |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| ______: where Blood vessels are coming out of the periphery & not the center. It is a sign of ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
_______: optic disc swelling that is caused by increased intracranial pressure
The signs include
hemorrhages over and / or adjacent to the optic disc
blurring of optic margins |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
______: Arterial walls are very thin in the eye. Where arterioles and veins cross, you should not see a space between the blood in the artery and the blood in the veins.
When the walls of the artery thicken, you will see a space between them as in the case of hypertensive retinopathy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______- seen on the retina as white/yellow irregularly shaped with soft borders -> associated w/ ____ & _____ |
|
Definition
Cotton wool spots
diabetics & hypertension |
|
|
Term
| ______- seen on the retina as white, yellow round shaped with distinct borders |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____ – (new vessels) happens with diabetics as a part of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) |
|
Definition
|
|
