Term
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Definition
| blocks ne reuptake --> dilates nl eye, no effect on horner's (50% 1/2nd order assoc pancoast) since no ne release in the first place |
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Term
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Definition
| oh-amphetamine, indirect adrenergic agonist --> inc ne release --> dilates nl or 1/2nd order horner's, no effect on 3rd order horner's |
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Term
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Definition
| a-adrenergic, outside part iris |
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Term
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Definition
| cholinergic, inside dilator mm |
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Term
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Definition
| cholinergic contraction (accommodation), b-adrenergic relaxation (far) |
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Term
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Definition
| dec sns stim, miosis (inh dilator mm), ptosis (inh sup tarsal aka muller's m), raised brow (skeletal m compensation), color change (dec melanocyte stim, chronic/congenital) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| nl 20% pop, horner's, adie's (tonic) pupil, cniii palsy, pharm (bella donna alkaloids from Jimson weed, similar to atropine, scopolamine), iris dmg |
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Term
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Definition
benign, 70% young women from teens-30s, 50-90% dec dtr, usu unilateral, very slight reactivity to light
dmg post ganglionic psns nn from ciliary ganglion --> denervation hs (takes time to develop)
dx: .1% pilocarpine (too weak for nl pupil) --> constriction |
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Term
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Definition
parasympathetic agent, 1% constricts nl pupil, .1% too weak except for adie's, spasm of accommodation, red intraocular pressure (stretch trabecular meshwork spaces by pulling iris in), will not constrict pharm dilated pupil, inc visual acuity (dec curvature of cornea)
ae: if too much won't dilate at night, brow ache |
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Term
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Definition
cholinergic antagonist (mAChR), relaxes accomodation (ciliary body), relaxes pupillary constriction (sphincter)
atropine, tropicanimide (mydriacyl), cyclopentolate (cyclogyl), homatropine, scopolamine |
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Term
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Definition
| from bella donna, most potent, up to 2 wks, used for severe inflamm (uveitis in sarcoidosis, iritis, following eye surg), |
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Term
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Definition
| mydriacyl, shortest, onset 30 min, up to 4-6 hr, standard, no diff .5/1%, fundus exams, determine refraction errors in children |
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Term
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Definition
| cyclogyl, stronger, lasts 24 hrs, use corneal abrasion (ciliary spasm painful) or other mild conditions, use 2ce/day |
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Term
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Definition
| little longer than cyclopentolate, shorter than atropine, 1-3 days, 4x/day for corneal abrasions, chemical burns, iritis, uveitis, post-op |
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Term
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Definition
lasts 2-4 days to wk, ae psychosis, restlessness, confusion, hallucinations, vomiting, urinary incontinence
use transdermally for motion sickness, can cause unilateral pupillary dilation |
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Term
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Definition
2.5% neosynephrine, 5-6 hr, 45 min onset, stim dilator mm (sympathetic) and muller's (eye open wide), vasoconstrictor, small conc use otc visine (rebound effect)
10% sol can cause death in few drops due to htn crisis, occipital ha, ventricular arrhythmia, tachycardia |
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Term
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Definition
dilates pupil via sns stim
phenylephrine |
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Term
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Definition
combo 1% tropicanimide + 2.5% neosynephrine
.5% or 1% tropicanimide alone
REMEMBER TO DO THE FLASHLIGHT TEST TO CHECK FOR NARROW ANT CHAMBER ANGLES BEFORE YOU DILATE PT'S EYES |
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Term
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Definition
| rev-eyes, a-adrenergic reversal |
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Term
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Definition
| produced in ciliary body --> post chamber --> pupil --> ant chamber --> trabecular meshwork --> schlemm's canal --> episcleral v --> aqueous v --> blood |
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Term
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Definition
| nl 15-16 mmhg, check w/ goldman applanator on anesthesized eye (schiotz tonometer w/ weight), optometrist use non-contact w/ air puff, check optic n cup/disc ratio, check humphrey visual field perimeter |
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Term
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Definition
<5% glaucoma pts, lens swells, gets cataracts --> push iris fwd, if you dilate --> iris bunches up --> sudden absolute closure trabecular meshwork --> sudden onset pressure build up --> severe pain (eyes --> ha), redness of sclera, blurred vision, halos around lights, n/v, cloudy cornea, fixed/irregular/mid-dilated pupils
tx: break attack w/ drops to dec pressure, surgical peripheral iridectomy (now done w/ lasers) --> equalize pressures ant/post chambers, lifetime cure, bilateral |
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Term
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Definition
direct ns a/b-agonist, conjunctival constriction, slight mydriasis, red intraocular pressure (inc outflow), vasoconstriction
ae: if abs nasal vasculature, htn crisis, tachycardia, ha, palpitation, chronic red eye, pvc, local burning/irritation, local allergic rxn, accumulation melanin granules |
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Term
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Definition
| propine, lipophilic ver epi so better abs cornea --> transform epi inside (much better ae), so .1% = 2% epi |
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Term
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Definition
| alphagan, s a2-adrenergic, avoid b ae |
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Term
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Definition
b-block, drug of choice glaucoma, target ciliary body (dec prod)
ae: lethargy, lightheadedness, fatigue, mem loss, bradycardia, syncope, hypotension, arrythmia, wheezing, pulm edema, chf, red libido, depression, death
expensive |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| betopic, b1-block (cardioselective), not as effective but limit ae (esp pulm), use if hx chf, asthma |
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Term
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Definition
| alphagan + timolol, inc compliance |
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Term
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Definition
| 1st line drug, no systemic ae, iris/skin can get darker, eyelashes longer (latisse) |
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