Term
OSMOTIC AGENTS
glycerin
isosorbide
mannitol
urea |
|
Definition
Actions- reduce volume of intraocular fluid
Uses- acute narrow angle glaucoma
Serious side effects- thirst, nausea, dehydration, electrolyte imbalance (K, Na, Cl), headache, circulatory overload |
|
|
Term
CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS
acetazolamide
brinzolamide
dorzolamide
methazolamide |
|
Definition
Action- inhibit enzyme carbonic anhydrase, decreasing the production ofaqueous humor
Uses- in conjunction with other agents to control IOP
*do not administer if pregnant or allergic to sulfonamides
Serious effects- electrolyte imbalance, dehydration, dermatologic, hematologic, neurologic reaction, confusion, drowsiness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Actions- produce strong contractions of the iris and cilliary body
Uses- lower IOP by widening the angle to allow outflow of aqueous humor
Common- reduced visual acuity, conjunctival irritation, erythema, headache, pain, discomfort
Serious- systemic toxicity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Action- prevent metabolism of acetylcholine resulting in increased cholinergic activity resulting in reduced IOP
Uses- treat open angle glaucoma
Common- reduced visual acuity, conjunctival irritation, erythema, headache, lacrimation
Serious- systemic adverse effects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Action- cause pupil dilation, increased outflow of aqueous humor, vasoconstriction, relaxation of cilliary muscle
Uses- lower IOP in open-angle glaucoma
Common- sensitivity to bright lights, conjunctival irritation, lacrimation
Serious- systemic, diaphoresis, trembling |
|
|
Term
| BETA-ADRENERGIC BLOCKING AGENTS |
|
Definition
Action- reduce production of aqueous humor
Uses- reduce IOP with open-angle glaucoma
Common- conjunctival irritation, lacrimation
Serious- systemic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Action- increase outflow of aqueous humor
Uses- reduce IOP in patients with chronic open-angle glaucoma not responding to other agents
Common& Serious- conjunctival irritation, lacrimation, burning, stinging, eye pigment changes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Action- relax smooth muscle of ciliary body and iris to produce mydriasis and cycloplegia
Uses- interior eye exam, measure refraction, rest the eye in inflammatory conditions
Common- sensitivity to bright lights, conjunctival irritation, lacrimation
Serious- systemic |
|
|
Term
ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS
natamycin |
|
Definition
Action- alter cell wall of fungus causing death of fungus
Uses- candida, asperigillus, and fusarium infections
Common- sensitivity to bright lights, blurred vision, lacrimation, redness
Serious- eye pain, worsening of symptoms |
|
|
Term
ANTIVIRAL AGENTS
gansiclovir
trifluridine |
|
Definition
Action- inhibit viral replicaiton
Uses- herpes simplex keratitis, treat recurrent infections
Common- visual haze, lacrimation, redness, burning, sensitivity to bright light
Serious- allergic reaction |
|
|
