scalenes anterior (info)

neck

Origin:

     Transverse Processes C3-C6

Insertion:

     First rib

Action:

Together: Neck flexion and elevation of the 1st rib during deep inhalation

     Singly: Laterally flex and   

     rotate neck to the same side

Innervation:

     Cervical Nerves (C4-C6)

neck

Origin:

     Transverse Processes C2-C7

Insertion:

    First Rib

Innervation

    Cervical Nerve (C4-C8)

Action:

Elevation of the first rib and lateral neck flexion

neck

Origin:

     Transverse Processes C4-C6

Insertion:

     Second Rib

Action:

Lateral Neck Flexion and Raises 2nd rib during deep inhalation

Innervation:

     Cervical Nerves (C6-C8)

neck

Origin:

Manubrium of Sternum and medial 1/3 of the Clavicle

Insertion:

     Mastoid Process

Action:

Together: Neck Flexion, and elevate sternum during forced inhalation

Singly: Neck lateral flexion and rotation to the opposite side

Innervation:

     Spinal Accessory

neck

Origin:

     Fascia over deltoid and  

     pectoralis major muscles

Insertion:

     Mandible, muscles around angle  

     of mouth, and skin of lower face

Action:

     Depresses mandible, depresses

     and draws lower lip laterally,

     tenses skin of the neck

Innervation:

     Facial Nerve

erector spinae

Origin:

     Cervicis: Superior 6 ribs 

     Thoracis: Inferior 6 ribs

     Lumborum: Iliac Crest

Insertion:

     Cervicis: TP of C4-C7

     Thoracis: Superior 6 ribs

     Lumborum: All ribs

Action:

     Together: Extend and maintain

     erect posture of spine

     Singly: Laterally flex vertebral

     column of respective region

Innervation:

     Spinal Nerves

erector spinae

Origin:

     Capitis: TP of T1-T5

     and articular processes of C4-C7

     Cervicis: TP of T1-T5

     Thoracis: TP of L1-L5 and lower        

     thoracic vertebrae

Insertion:

     Capitis: Mastoid Process

     Cervicis: TP of C2-C6

     Thoracis: TP of thoracic 

     vertebrae and lower 10 ribs

Action:

     Together: Extend vertebral

     column at respective region

     Singly: Laterally flex vertebral

     column of respective region

Innervation:

     Spinal Nerves

erector spinae

Origin:

     Capitis: TP of T1-T7 and 

     articular processes of C4-C7

     Cervicis: Spinous process of C7, 

     T1, and T2

     Thoracis: Spinous processes of

     T11-L2

Insertion:

     Capitis: Occipital Bone

     Cervicis: Spinous Process of C2-  

     C3

     Thoracis: Spinous processes of

     T1-T8

Action:

     Together: Extend vertebral

     column at respective regions

Innervation:

     Spinal Nerves

Origin:

     Capitis: TP of C7 and T1-T6 and

     AP of C4-C6

     Cervicis: TP of T1-T6 and AP of

     C4-C7

     Thoracis: TP of T7-T12

Insertion:

     Capitis: Occipital Bone

     Cervicis:Spinous processes C2-C5

     Thoracis: Spinous processes of

     C6-T4

Action:

     Together: Extend Vertebral 

     Column at respective region

     Singly: Rotate head to the

     opposite side

Innervation:

     Spinal Nerves

Origin:

     Sacrum, Iliac Crest, transverse

     processes of lumbar and   

     thoracic vertebrae, AP of C4-C7

Insertion:

     Spinous Processes of the 

     vertebra above the vertebra of

     origin

Action:

     Together: Extend and rotate the 

     vertebral column

Innervation:

     Spinal Nerves

Origin:

     Transverse Processes of all

     vertebrae

Insertion:

     SH:Spinous process of vertebra 

     superior to the one of the origin

     LH:Spinous process of vertebra 

     two superior to the one of the

     origin

Action:

     Together: Extend Vertebral

     Column

     Singly: Rotate vertebral column    

     to the opposite side

Innervation:

     Spinal Nerves

superficial back

Origin:

External occipital protuberance, medial 1/3 of superior nuchal line, spinous processes of C2-C7 (via ligamentumnuchae)  

Insertion:

Lateral 1/3 of the Clavicle

Action:

Neck extension, lateral flexion, and rotation; Scapular elevation, retraction, and upward rotation

Innervation:

Spinal Accessory Nerve

Origin:

Spinous Processes of T1-T6 (via ligamentumnuchae)

Insertion:

Medial margin of the acromion; spine of scapula

Action:

Scapular Retraction

Innervation:

Spinal Accessory Nerve (CN XI)

C3, C4 (sensory)

Origin:

Spinous Processes of T7-T12 (via ligamentumnuchae)

Insertion:

Medial border of the scapular spine

Action:

Scapular depression and upward rotation

Innervation:

Spinal Accessory Nerve (CN XI)

C3, C4 (sensory)

Origin:

Thoracolumbar fascia; Spinous processes T6-T12 and L1-L5;  Sacrum; Iliac Crest; Lower 3 - 4 ribs

Insertion:

Bicipital groove of  humerus (floor);

inferior angle of scapula

Action:

Extends, adducts, and internally rotates the arm at the shoulder joint; Elevates the trunk to arms

Innervation:

Thoracodorsal Nerve

Origin:

Spinous processes of T2-T5

Insertion:

Medial border of scapula between scapular spine and inferior angle

Action:

Elevation, retraction and downwardrotation of the scapula; helps to fix scapula to the thoracic wall

Innervation:

Dorsal Scapular Nerve

Origin:

Spinous processes of C7-T1

Insertion:

Medial border of scapula superior to spine

Action:

Elevation, retraction and downwardrotation of the scapula

Innervation:

Dorsal Scapular Nerve

Origin:

Transverse processes of C1-C4

Insertion:

Superior angle and uppermedial border of scapula

Action:

Scapular elevation and downward rotation; lateral neck flexion; neck extension (bilaterally)

Innervation:

Dorsal Scapular Nerve

anterior thorax

Origin:

     Inferior border of ribs 1-11

Insertion:

     Superior border of rib below

Action:

     Contraction creates inhalation

     by elevating ribs; relaxation

     depresses the ribs resulting in

     exhalation

Innervation:

     Intercostal nerves

anterior thorax

Origin:

     Ridge of the inner surface of rib   

     and corresponding costal

     cartilage

Insertion:

     Superior border of rib below

Action:

     Contraction draws adjacent ribs 

     together during forced

     exhalation

Innervation:

     Intercostal nerves

anterior thorax

Origin:

Inferior 8 ribs

Insertion:

Anterior portion of iliac crest; abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba

Action:

     Together: Compress abdomen

     and flex vertebral column

     Singly: Laterally flex and rotate

     vertebral column to the

     opposite side

Innervation:

Intercostal Nerves 8-12, iliohypogatric, and ilioinguinal nerves

anterior thorax

Origin:

Iliac crest, lateral half of inguinal ligament, and thoracolumbar fascia

Insertion:

Cartilage of lower 3-4 ribs; abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba

Action:

Together: Compress abdomenand flex vertebral column

Singly: Laterally flex and rotate

vertebral column to the same side

Innervation:

Intercostal Nerves 8-12, iliohypogastric, and ilioinguinal nerves

anterior thorax

Origin:

Iliac crest, lateral potion of inguinal ligament, thoracolumbar fascia, and cartilages of inferior six ribs

Insertion:

Abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba

Action:

Compress abdomen

Innervation:

Intercostal Nerves 7-12, iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal nerves

anterior thorax

Origin:

Pubic crest and pubic symphysis

Insertion:

Cartilage of 5th-7th ribs and xiphoid process

Action:

Flexes trunk and compressesabdomen

Innervation:

Intercostal Nerves 7-12

anterior thorax

Origin:

     Iliolumbar ligament and iliac

     crest

Insertion:

     Inferior border of twelfth rib

     and transverse processes of L1- 

     L4

Action:

     Together: Stabilize and extend

     the lumbar vertebrae and assist

     with forces expiration

     Singly: Laterally flex vertebral

     column

Innervation:

     T12-L1

anterior thorax

Origin:

     Xiphoid process, cartilage of the

     lower 6 ribs, and lumbar

     vertebrae

Insertion:

     Central Tendon

Action:

     Contraction causes it to flatten

     and increase vertical dimension

     of the thoracic cavity, resulting

     in inhalation; Relaxation causes

     it to move superiorly and

     decrease the vertical dimension

     of the thoracic cavity, resulting

     in exhalation

Innervation:

     Phrenic Nerve

pectoral region

Origin:

Medial half of the clavicle,Sternum, 6 coastal cartilages

Insertion:

Lateral lip of bicipital groove

Action:

Shoulder adduction, horizontal adduction, and internal rotation; extends the shoulder from a flexed position

Innervation:

Medial and lateral pectoral nerve

pectoral region

Origin:

Ribs 3-5

Insertion:

Coracoid Process

Action:

Scapular protraction and downward rotation; rib elevation during forces inspiration

Innervation:

Medial Pectoral Nerve

pectoral region

Origin:

Outer surface of upper 8 ribs

Insertion:

Medial border of scapula

Action:

Scapular protraction and upward rotation; Stabilizes scapula on thoracic wall

Innervation:

Long Thoracic

shoulder

Origin:

     Anterior: Lateral 1/3 Clavicle

     Middle: Acromion

     Posterior: Spine of Scapula

Insertion:

     Deltoid Tuberosity

Action:

     Anterior: Shoulder flexion and

     internal rotation

     Middle: Shoulder Abduction

     Posterior: Shoulder extension

     and external rotation

Innervation:

     Axillary Nerve

shoulder 

Origin:

     Supraspinous Fossa

Insertion:

     Greater Tubercle

Action:

Assists with shoulder abduction and acts to stabilize the humeral head in the glenoid cavity

Innervation:

     Suprascapular Nerve

shoulder

Origin:

     InfraspinousFossa

Insertion:

     Greater Tuberosity

Action:

Shoulder external rotation and acts to stabilize the humeral head in the glenoid cavity

Innervation:

     Suprascapular Nerve

shoulder

Origin:

     Inferior lateral border of scapula

Insertion:

     Greater tubercle

Action:

     Shoulder external rotation and acts to stabilize the humeral head in the glenoid cavity

Innervation:

     Axillary Nerve

shoulder

Origin:

     SubscapularFossa

Insertion:

     Lesser Tubercle

Action:

    Shoulder Internal Rotation

Innervation:

     Upper and lower   

     subscapular nerves

shoulder

Origin:

     Inferior angle of scapula

Insertion:

     Bicipital Groove

Action:

     Shoulder extension,    

     adduction and internal 

     rotation

Innervation:

     Lower Subscapular Nerve

arm

Origin:

Coracoid process of scapula

Insertion:

Middle of medial border of humerus (deltoid tuberosity)

Action:

Shoulder flexion and adduction

Innervation:

Musculocutaneous nerve

arm

Origin:

Supraglenoid tubercle and Coracoid process of scapula

Insertion:

Radial Tuberosity

Action:

Elbow flexion, forearm supination, shoulder flexion

Innervation:

Musculocutaneous nerve

arm

Origin:

Lower 2/3 of the anterior side of the surface of the humerus

Insertion:

Coronoid process of the ulna

Action:

Elbow flexion

Innervation:

Musculocutaneous nerve

arm

Origin:

     Long Head: Infraglenoid   

     tubercle

     Lateral Head: Lateral and

     posterior surface of humerus

     Medial Head: Posterior surface

     of humerus

Insertion:

     Olecranon Process of the Ulna

Action:

     Elbow and shoulder extension

Innervation:

     Radial Nerve