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Exploring Life Chapter 10
Key terms for Exploring Life Chapter 10; Concepts 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 10.4, and 10.5
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Biology
8th Grade
11/01/2010

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Term
Genetics
Definition
Study of heredity
Term
trait
Definition
variation of a particular inherited character
Term
cross-fertilization
Definition
process by which sperm from one flower's pollen fertilizes the eggs in a flower of a different plant
Term
hybrid
Definition
offspring of two different true-breeding varieties
Term
monohybrid cross
Definition
mating of two organisms that differ in only one character
Term
allele
Definition
alternative form of a gene
Term
homozygous
Definition
having identical alleles for a gene
Term
heterozygous
Definition
having different alleles for a gene
Term
dominant
Definition
descriptive of an allele in a heterozygous individual that appears to be the only one affecting a trait
Term
recessive
Definition
descriptive of an allele in a heterozygous individual that does not appears to affecting a trait
Term
Punnett Square
Definition
diagram showing the probabilities of the possible outcomes of a genetic cross
Term
phenotype
Definition
observable traits of an organism
Term
genotype
Definition
genetic makeup of an organism; an organism's combination of alleles
Term
testcross
Definition
mating of an individual of unknown genotype but dominant phenotype with a homozygous recessive individual
Term
dihybrid cross
Definition
mating of two organisms that differ in two characters
Term
intermediate inheritance
Definition
inheritance in which heterozygotes have a phenotype intermediate between the phenotypes of the two homozygotes
Term
polygenic inheritance
Definition
combined effect of two or more genes on a single character
Term
codominance
Definition
inheritance pattern in which a heterozgote expresses the distinct trait of both alleles
Term
chromosome theory of inheritance
Definition
generalization that genes are located on chromosomes and that the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis and fertilization accounts for inheritance patterns.
Term
gene locus
Definition
exchange of genes between populations
Term
genetic linkage
Definition
tendency for alleles of genes on the same chromosome to be inherited together
Term
sex-linked gene
Definition
gene located on a sex chromosome
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