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Definition
3 part summary of cellular life:
1. All living things are made of cells
2. All cells are produced by other cells
3. Cells are the basic units of structure and function |
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| a picture taken through a microscope of cellular structures |
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| cellular structure that helps cell perform functions |
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| phospholipid bilayer that surrounds a cell and helps control what goes in and out |
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| the control center of the cell, contains DNA, is membrane bound |
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| gel like substance that fills a cell, where cellular metabolism occurs |
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| rigid cellulose structure that surrounds cell membranes in plants and some bacteria or fungi. Gives cell shape and protection |
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| cells that have membrane bound organelles including a nucleus |
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| type of cell that does not have a nucleus or membrane bound organelles |
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| give three similarities and three differences between plants and animal cells |
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Definition
Similarities:
1. Both have organelles
2. Both are eukaryotic
3. both are about the same size
Differences:
1. Plant cells have cell walls
2. Plant cells form cell plates in cytokinesis
3. Animal cells are usually round, plant cells tend to be more square (not always true) |
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Term
| compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells |
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Definition
| prokaryotic cells lack nuclei, are smaller, and are NOT found in Eukarya domain. Eukaryotic are larger, have nuclei and organells, and are ONLY found in Ekarya domain. |
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| What are the three main ideas of the cell theory? |
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Definition
1. All living things are made of cells
2. All cells come from other cells
3. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function |
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Term
| Name two different type of microscopes and state what they are specifically used for: |
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Definition
1. Light; cellular or larger
2. TEM; internal cell structures
3. SEM; surface cellular structures |
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| Give 2 ways plant and animals cells are similar: |
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Definition
| Both share many similar organelles, both are similar in size, both are the building block of life |
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| Give 2 differences between plant and animal cells: |
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Definition
| Animal cells lack a cell wall and during cytokinesis do not form a cell plate. Plant cells have large vacuoles while animal cells have many small vacuoles. Plant cells do photosynthesis. Both perform cellular respiration. |
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| How are prokaryotic cells different from eukaryotic cells? |
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Definition
| prokaryotic cells are smaller and lack membrane bound organelles including the nucleus |
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Definition
| hydrophobic boundary created between cell parts made of lipids-ultimately with proteins create membranes |
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| What role to proteins place in membrane structure? |
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Definition
1. Assist in chemical reactions such as photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
2. Chemical signals
3. Assist in transporting molecules across membranes |
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Term
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Definition
| the net movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration |
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Definition
| when rate of movement across or concentrations on two sides of a membrane are equal |
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| selectively permeable membrane |
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Definition
| Allows some things to pass through/across and not others |
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Definition
| when a molecule crosses a membrane with the concentration gradient/without the cell spending energy |
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| when a cell has to expend energy to move a molecule from a low concentration to a high concentration |
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| when a molecule is "helped" across a membrane from a low concentration to a high concentration |
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Definition
| the diffusion of water across a membrane |
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Definition
| a solution that has a high concentration of solute |
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Definition
| a solution that has a low concentration of solute |
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Definition
| solution where concentrations of solute are equal |
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Definition
| a membrane organelle that helps transport substances into or out of a cell |
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Definition
| removal of large molecules out of a cell via a vesicle |
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Definition
| entrance of a large molecule across a membrane via a vesicle |
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Term
| How are diffusion and equilibrium related? |
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Definition
| Diffusion will continue until natural equilibrium is reached |
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Term
| How does active transport differ from passive transport? |
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Definition
| Active transport requires the cell to expend energy. Passive does not. |
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Term
| If a large molecule will not fit through a membrane, how will it enter or exit a cell? |
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Definition
| Via exocytosis or endocytosis |
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| What role does osmosis play in isotonic soltuions? |
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Definition
| Water will move across a membrane (often when the solute cannot) in order to create isotonic solutions |
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Definition
| membrane that surround and controls what goes into and out of the nucleus |
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| dark center of the nucleus that holds building materials for ribosomes |
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| organelle where proteins are produced |
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Definition
| performs manufactoring and transportation of molecules within a cell |
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Definition
| Modifies, stores, and routes proteins and molecules to other cellular locations |
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Definition
| Organelle used for storage of nutrients, wastes, etc. within a cell |
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Definition
| membrane sac that often contains digestive enzymes to break down large molecules |
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Term
| What is the role of the nucleus |
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Definition
| it controls the cell's activities |
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Term
| Name two different functions of a lysosome: |
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Definition
1. releases digestive enzymes into a food vacuole to help digest and release nutrients
2. Release enzymes to breakdown and recycle molecules in a bacteria |
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Term
| How are the functions of chloroplasts and mitochondria similar? |
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Definition
| The both help provide energy for the cell |
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Term
| How are the functions of mitochondria and chloroplasts different? |
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Definition
| Mitochondria breaks down molecules for cellular use as energy where chloroplasts create the molecules to later be broken down. |
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Term
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Definition
| organelle that produces sugars in plant cells |
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Definition
| organelle known as the powerhouse; produces ATP by breaking down sugars in all cells |
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Definition
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| How is energy converted in photosynthesis |
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Definition
| Light energy from the sun is converted to chemical energy as a molecule |
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Definition
| hollow tubes of protein that give a cell shape |
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Definition
| thin, solid rods of protein that help lysosomes and other organelles move within a cell |
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Definition
| a large, long projection of the cell membrane which whips in an S shape, helps the cell move |
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Definition
| short, multiple projections of the cell membrane that wave back and forth, help in moving substances past a cell |
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Term
| What is the role of the cell's cytoskeleton |
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Definition
| It provides support and shape to the cell and a network for internal transportation |
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Term
| Compare and contrast cilia and flagella |
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Definition
Cilia are short and wave back and forth
Flagella are long and whip in an S shape/ Cilia move substances past a cell, flagella move the cell |
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| Why is a cell considered a well coordinated unit? |
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Definition
| Many events take place simultaneously without interfering with each other for the overall survival of the cell |
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