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| A preliminary sketch of an idea or model for something new. It’s the original drawing from which something real might be built or created. |
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| a question to which there are only two possible answers |
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| A contraction of "Binary Digit". A bit is the single unit of information in a computer, typically represented as a 0 or 1. |
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| (sometimes written bitrate) the number of bits that are conveyed or processed per unit of time. e.g. 8 bits/sec. |
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| A set of rules and standards governing the exchange or transmission of data between devices. |
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| Transmission capacity measure by bit rate |
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| Time it takes for a bit to travel from its sender to its receiver. |
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| ASCII - American Standard Code for Information Interchange. ASCII is the universally recognized raw text format that any computer can understand. |
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| to write code, or to write instructions for a computer. |
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Request for Comments (RFC |
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| A formal document from the Internet Engineering Task Force ( IETF ) that is the result of committee drafting and subsequent review by interested parties. Some RFCs are informational in nature, documents are how standards and protocols are defined and published for all to see on the IETF website. |
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| A number assigned to any item that is connected to the Internet. |
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| Small chunks of information that have been carefully formed from larger chunks of information. |
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| a computer, device which receives messages travelling across a network and redirects them towards their intended destinations based on the addressing information included with the message. |
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| Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol. It manages all the sending and receiving of Data Packets, like a dependable mail service. |
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| Domain Name Server, System: the Internet's system for converting alphabetic url names into numeric IP addresses. |
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| Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is the protocol used by the World Wide Web. It describes how messages are formatted and interchanged, and how web servers respond to commands. |
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| Reducing information and detail to focus on essential characteristics. |
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| A computer that awaits and responds to requests for data. |
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| A computer that requests data stored on a server. |
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| The principle that all Internet traffic should be treated equally by Internet Service Providers. |
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| Internet censorship is the control or suppression of what can be accessed, published, or viewed on the Internet enacted by regulators, or on their own initiative. ... Other areas of censorship include copyrights, defamation, harassment, and obscene material. Support for and opposition to Internet censorship also varies. |
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| Computer and network surveillance is the monitoring of computer activity and data stored on a hard drive, or data being transferred over computer networks such as the Internet. The monitoring is often carried out covertly and may be completed by governments, corporations, criminal organizations, or individuals. |
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| a problem solving approach (algorithm) to find a satisfactory solution where finding an optimal or exact solution is impractical or impossible. |
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| A type of data used for graphics or pictures. |
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| Data that describes other data. |
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| Short for "picture element" it is the fundamental unit of a digital image, typically a tiny square or dot which contains a single point of color of a larger image. |
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Hexadecimal Number System |
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| A Base 16 numbering system. A number system consisting of 16 distinct symbols — 0-9 and A-F — which can occur in each place value. |
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| A compression scheme in which every bit of the original data can be recovered from the compressed file. |
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A compression scheme in which “useless” or less-than-totally-necessary information is thrown out in order to reduce the size of the data. The eliminated data is unrecoverable.
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Definition
| Removing unnecessary details to focus on the essential characteristics. To break problems up into separate parts which can then be solved separately and recombined to form a complete solution. To focus on and use something based only on what it does and without concern for how that functionality is accomplished. |
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| A proposed explanation for some phenomenon used as the basis for further investigation. |
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| A document providing background information about a dataset. |
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| Abbreviation of "comma-separated values," this is a widely-used format for storing data |
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| The original data as it was collected |
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| A table of aggregate information about a dataset (e.g., the average, sum, count of some values). |
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| A table that summarizes information about some larger dataset. It typically consists of performing computations like sums, averages, and counts on higher level groupings of information. The intent is to summarize lots of data into a form that is more useful, and easier to "see". |
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