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Exploration/Colonial America
Colonial America
31
Social Studies
8th Grade
10/02/2012

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Cards

Term

 

 

 

Christopher Columbus

Definition
• 1492
• Wanted to find shorter water route to Asia
• Kept going to Spain, finally Ferdinand and Isabella agreed to fund his expedition
• Supplies
○ 3 ships: Nina, Pinta, Santa Maria
○ 90 men
○ Food for 1 yr
• 2 different captain's logs, one for the crew and one that was the truth so that the crew wouldn’t freak out
• Started running out of supplies, bargained for three more days
• Finally landed on San Salvador before his crew left him
Term

 

 

 

Leif Ericson

Definition

 

  • A Norse explorer regarded as the first European to land in North America (excluding Greenland),
  • 500 years before Christopher Columbus.
  • According to the Sagas of Icelanders, he established a Norse settlement at Vinland, tentatively identified with the Norse L'Anse aux Meadows on the northern tip of Newfoundland in modern-day Canada.
Term

 

 

 

John Smith

Definition
  •  Took control of Jamestown
  • Announced that "He that will not work shall not eat."
  • Extended the wall around Jamestown to make it a fortress
  • Influenced trading
  • Injured, returned to England

 

 

 

Term

 

 

 

 

John Winthrop

Definition

 

 

 

Leader of the Puritans

"City upon the hill"

Term

 

 

 

Thomas Hooker

Definition
 
 
 
  • founder of Connecticut
  • first minister of cambridge Massachusettes
Term

 

 

 

Anne Hutchinson

Definition
  • Believed that a person could worship God without the help of a church, minister or bible
  • Conducted discussions that challenged church authority
  • Banned from Massachusetts, also fled to Rhode Island
Term

 

 

 

Roger Williams

Definition

Strongly believed in religious tolerance

Letting others practice their own beliefs

Ordered to leave Massachusetts

Seen as a danger

Founded the colony of Rhode Island in 1636

Allowed complete freedom of religion

Term

 

 

 

King Phillip

Definition

 

 

New England colonists began expanding into Native American land

Population 1670 – 45,000

Metacom ( Chief of the Wampanoag Tribe)

Called King Phillip by the English

Attacked and destroyed 12 towns and killed more than 600 colonists

Eventually captured and sold into slavery in the West Indies

 

Term

 

 

 

William Penn

Definition
  • Founder of Pennyslvania 
  • Became a large landowner in America
    Was a Quaker
  • Born to a wealthy English family
  • Was granted land by King Charles II
  • Used the land to create a colony where Quakers could live according to their beliefs
  • Pennsylvania- Native Americans treated fairly, welcomed different religions, and equality
Term

 

 

 

Lord Baltimore

Definition

 

 
  • Baltimore, MD named after him
  • Promised freedom to settlers if they went to Maryland
  • Made Baltimore a haven for Catholics
Term

 

 

 

Nathanial Bacon

Definition

 

  • was a colonist of the Virginia Colony,
  •  famous as the instigator of Bacon's Rebellion of 1676,
  • which collapsed when Bacon himself died from dysentery.

 

Term

 

 

 

James Oglethorpe

Definition
 
 
 
 
The founder of Georgia

A place were debtors could get a fresh start

 

Term

 

 

 

Columbian Exchange

Definition

 

The Columbian Exchange also known as the Grand Exchange

  •  was a dramatically widespread exchange of animals, plants, culture, human populations (including slaves), communicable disease, and ideas between the Western and Eastern Hemispheres following the voyage to the Americas by Christopher Columbus in 1492.

 

Term

 

 

 

Conquistadors

Definition
  • were soldiers, explorers, and adventurers at the service of the Spanish Empire.
  • They sailed beyond Europe, conquering territory and opening trade routes.
  • They colonized much of the world for Spain and Portugal in the 15th, 16th, and 17th centuries.           
Term

 

 

 

Smallpox

Definition
Term

 

 

 

Atlantic Slave Trade

Definition

Part of the social and economic system

Slaves were people captured in war

Slave traders set up ports along the West African coast

Africans would go inland to capture slaves

Loaded onto European vessels

Term

 

 

 

Roanoke

Definition
  • An attempt, located in North Carolina, to establish a permanent English settlement in the New World.
  • It is referred to as "the Lost Colony" because the fate of the colonists is still unknown.
Term

 

 

 

 

Jamestown

Definition
  • The first truly permanent English settlement in the New World.
  • Chartered by King James I, it came dangerously close to wiping out completely, but miraculously recovered with the help of John Smith.
  • Its cash crop was tobacco.
Term

 

 

 

Significance of Tobacco

Definition
  • Provided real wealth for Jamestown by acting as a cash crop
  • Was the only thing that kept the colony alive economically
Term

 

 

 

Plymouth

Definition
  • Plymouth was the site of the colony founded in 1620 by the Pilgrims, passengers of the famous ship the Mayflower.
  • Plymouth is where New England was first established. 
  • It is the oldest municipality in New England and one of the oldest in the United States. 
  • Place of First Thanksgiving feast.  
Term

 

 

 

Puritans

Definition

Wanted to reform the Church of England

Purify it

•Mass migration to New England in the 1630s

Led by John Winthrop

“City upon a hill”

•Created a General Court

•Believed that the Church had supreme power

•Only allowed Puritans to vote

•Founded Harvard to educate ministers

 
Term

 

 

 

New England Colonies

Definition

 

Religion played a central role

•Boston became the largest city

Became an area of small farms and towns

 

Term

 

 

 

 

Middle Colonies

Why were these colonies called the Middle colonies?

Definition

 

Mostly farmers

 Land along the Hudson and Delaware were very fertile

 Mild Winters

 Goods were sent to New England to be shipped

 Some slaves, but not a lot

 Some craftsmen, artisans

 

 

 

Term

 

 

 

 

Southern Colonies

Definition

Everything south of the Mason-Dixon line

Very different from the other English colonies

 

Term

 

 

 

 

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

Definition

It was a set of laws that:

1. extended voting rights to non-church members

2. limited the power of governor

3.expanded representative government

4. made Connecticut more democratic

Term

 

 

 

 

Quakers

Definition

 

    • Despised in England

      Believed…

      All people were equal in God’s eyes

      Pacifists

      Given a charter for the colony of Pennsylvania in 1681

      William Penn – Founder and leader

 
Term

 

 

 

 

Act of Toleration

Definition

Originated in Maryland which was Founded by Sir George Calvert and his son Lord Baltimore in 1634

Passed the Act of Toleration

Religious freedom was granted to all Christians

Women were allowed to own land

 

Term

 

 

 

 

Bacon's Rebellion

Definition

1676

Wealthy planters controlled the best lands

Nathanial Bacon and several hundred followers began raiding Native American lands

Also burned down Jamestown

Rebellion fell apart when Bacon died

 

Term

 

 

 

 

Middle Passage

Definition

  

Passage between Africa and the Americas

Slaves were kept below the deck

Crammed tightly together and chained

¼ would die on the passage

Lasted 400 years

 

 

 

Term

 

 

 

 

Important ideas in the

Mayflower Compact

Definition

It helped establish the ideas of:

self government and

majority rules

 

Created by the Pilgrims in Massachusetts, this is the first written constitution in the western hemisphere. Named for their ship.
Term

 

 

 

 

Pilgrims

Definition

Early settlers of the Plymouth Colony in present-day Plymouth, Massachusetts

They were seeking religious freedom

 The colony, established in 1620, became the second successful English Colony

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