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| a Spanish conqueror of the Americas |
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| A system of labor the Spanish used in the Americas; Spanish landowners had the right, as granted by Queen Isabella, to use Native Americans as laborers |
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| the extensive exchange of plants and animals between the New and Old Worlds, especially during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries |
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| a settlement of people living in a new territory, linked with the parent country by trade and direct government control |
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| a set of principles that dominated economic thought in the 17th century; it held that the prosperity of a nation depended on a large supply of gold and silver |
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| the difference in value between what a nation imports and what it exports over time |
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| government payment to encourage or protect a certain economic activity |
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| a large agricultural estate |
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| a pattern of trade that connected Europe, Africa, and the American continents; typically, manufactured goods from Europe were sent to Aftica, where they were exchanged for enslaved persons, who were sent to the Americas, where they were exchanged for raw materials that were then sent to Europe |
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| the journey of enslaved persons from Africa to the Americas, so called because it was the middle portion of the triangular trade route |
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| a person born on the Iberian Peninsula; typically, a Spanish or Portuguese official who resided temporarily in Latin America for political and economic gain and then returned to Europe |
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| a person of European descent born in the New World and living there permanently |
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| a person of mixed European and native American Indian descent |
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| a person of mixed African and European descent |
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| a loabor system that the Spanish administrators in Peru used to draft native people to work in the Spanish landowners' silver mines |
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| The Spanish conqueror of Mexico who marched to Tenochtitlan with a small body of troops and destroyed the city's pyramids, temples, palaces, rivers and canals. There was little left of the Aztec empire as the Spanish expanded their control to all of Mexico. |
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| Sailed for Portugal, around the southern tip of Africa, on his way to the Indian port of Calicut, where he traded for spices. After returning to Portugal, this explorer made a profit of several thousand percent - inspiring many others to sail and explore. |
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| Explorer sponsored by Spain (Queen Isabella) who made 4 voyages to the New World (Caribbean islands and Honduras), all along believing he had discovered a western route to the Indies. |
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| Explorer for Spain, known as the first to circumnavigate the world (although he was killed in the Philippines while on his journey) |
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| Explorer for England, explored the New England coastline |
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| This explorer's detailed letters describing the New World led to his name being used for "America." |
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| Explorer for Spain who conquered the Incan Empire (Peru) with weapons and disease on behalf of Spain. |
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| King of Congo who spoke against the slave trade in his country, earning him an enemy in the King of Portugal who will attempt to assassinate this King, forcing him into hiding for the remainder of his life. |
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| Once a brilliant and creative society, destroyed by the slave trade as warfare increased and their culture declined |
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| Nun who wrote poetry and prose, urging women to be educated |
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