Term
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Definition
transition / transversion
misense/ nonsense
frameshift
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Term
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Definition
| gross change in chromosome structure in light microscope |
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Term
| Exogenic mutagenic agents |
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Definition
foreign factors affecting the cell:
radiation: uv light, ionizing radiation, gamma rays
chemical mutagens: alkylating agents, strand cleavers, base analogs, intercalating agents, insertion elements |
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Term
Alkylating agent
(nitrogen mustard) |
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Definition
adds methyl or ethyl group, interfering with DNA replication.
causes point mutations or chromosomal abberations |
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Term
Strand cleavers
(peroxides & sulfur compounds) |
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Definition
| Sever phosphodiester bonds causing chromosomal abberation |
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Term
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Definition
mimic nucleotides that shift into its keto and enol form
Keto: resembles a G (binds to adenine)
during dna replication, it shifts to its enol form
enol: resembles an A (binds to guanine)
results in an a to g transformation |
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Term
Intercalating agents
(acridine orange, proflavin) |
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Definition
| multi-ring structures that wedge between DNA bases causing abberations |
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Term
insertion elements
(viruses and transposons) |
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Definition
DNA integrates into a chromosome.
It disrupts the function of the gene that it is integrated into, leaving deletions or insertions behind. |
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