Term
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Definition
Endocrine system releases hormones
Nervous system uses neurotransmitters |
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Term
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Definition
Alter the activity of tissues that they can bind to.
Classes: Amino acid derivatives, Peptides/proteins, Steroids |
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Term
| The effect of a hormone on a tissue is determined by... |
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Definition
Plasma concentration and Number of receptors
which is determined by
Rate of secretion (depends on magnitude of input, either stimulatory or inhibitory)
Rate of metabolism
Quantity of transport protein
Changes in plasma volume |
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Term
Hormone-Receptor interactions
Magnitude of effect dependent on... |
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Definition
Hormones only affect tissue with certain receptor.
Magnitude depends on
Concentration of hormone
# of receptors on cell (downregulation, upregulation)
Affinity of the receptor for the hormone |
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Term
Downregulation
Upregulation |
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Definition
Downregulation: Decrease in receptor number in response to high concentration of hormone.
Upregulation: Increase in receptor number in response to low concentration of hormone. |
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Term
| What happens when a hormone interacts with its specific receptor |
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Definition
Alters membrane transport: example insulin helps glucose enter cell
Alters activity of DNA to modify protein synthesis: steroid hormones, thyroid hormone, slow acting, longer lasting effects than those generated by 2nd messengers.
Activates second messengers via G protein: Allows Ca++ to enter |
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Term
| Hormones are secreted from what glands |
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Definition
Hypothalamus and pituitary glands
Thyroid and parathyroid glands
Adrenal glands
Pancreas
Testes and ovaries |
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Term
| Hypothalamus ->Pituitary hormones |
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Definition
Controls pituitary secretions
Anterior pituitary:
Adrenocorticotropic hormone
Luteinizing hormone
Thyroid-stimulating hormone
Human Growth hormone
Posterior pituitary:
Antidiuretic hormone |
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Term
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Definition
Stimulates release of insulin like growth factors (IGF)
IGF 1 responsible for muscle growth
Essential growth of all tissues
Amino acid uptake and protein synthesis
Spares plasma glucose
Reduces use of plasma glucose
Increases gluconeogenesis
Mobilizes fatty acids from adipose tissue |
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Term
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Definition
Reduces water loss
Release stimulated by high plasma osmolality and low plasma volume
Due to sweat loss w/o water replacement
Increases during exercise >60% VO2max |
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Term
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Definition
| blocks release of calcium from bone |
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Term
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Definition
| stimulates calcium release from bone |
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Term
| norepinephrine and epinephrine |
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Definition
from adrenal medulla
fight or flight |
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Term
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Definition
mineralcorticoids: aldosterone
glucocorticoids: cortisol
sex steroids: androgens and estrogens |
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Term
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Definition
Na+ reasborption, k+ secretions
Regulation of blood volume and BP
Stimulated by increase K+ concentrations. Decreased |
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