Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| major muscle of inspiration |
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Term
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Definition
| gas exchange between outside of body to inside of body |
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Term
| 3 things that happen in respiration |
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Definition
Replace O2
Remove CO2
Regulation of acid-base balance |
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Term
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Definition
| movement of molecules from area of high conc. to low conc. |
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Term
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Definition
| mechanical process of moving air in/out of lungs |
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Term
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Definition
| membranes that enclose lungs |
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Term
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Definition
| membrane on outer surface of lung |
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Term
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Definition
| membrane that lines the thoracic wall |
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Term
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Definition
space between visceral and and parietal pleura
pressure is lower than air outside of body (to keep alveoli inflated) |
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Term
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Definition
conducts air to respiratory zone
Trachea, broncioles |
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Term
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Definition
exchange of gases between air and blood
alveolar sacs |
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Term
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Definition
air comes into body
volume of lungs increases
diaphragm pulls downward, ribs lift outward
pressure in body lower than outside |
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Term
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Definition
Diaphragm relaxes, ribs push in
airflow outside of body
pressure in body higher than outside |
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Term
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Definition
yes
during prolonged exercise of high intensity and 2+ hours |
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Term
| What do trained resp. muscles do? |
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Definition
more O2 capacity
reduced work of breathing |
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Term
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Definition
P1-P2
(change in pressure) / Resistance
More change= more airflow |
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Term
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Definition
diameter of airway
dictates how much airflow gets in |
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Term
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Definition
asthma
narrowing of airways
more work to breathe
shortness of breath |
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Term
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Definition
Chronic
Obstructive
Pulmonary
Disorder
Lower (harder) expiration
increased airway resistance
narrow airways |
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Term
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Definition
chronic bronchitis
Emphysema |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| amount of air moved in or out of lungs per minute (V) |
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Term
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Definition
Vt
Amount of air moved/ per breath |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Pulmonary ventilation equation |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Va
Volume of air that reaches the respiratory zone |
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Term
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Definition
Vd
volume of air remaining in conducting airways |
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Term
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Definition
VC
amount of gas that can be expired after a maximum inspiration |
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Term
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Definition
RV
Volume of gas remaining in lungs after maximum expiration |
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Term
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Definition
TLC
Amount of gas in the lungs after a maximum inspiration |
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Term
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Definition
Measures pulmonary volumes and rate of expired airflow
diagnoses lung diseases |
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Term
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Definition
Forced expiratory volume
volume of air expired in 1 second during maximal expiration |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| total pressure of a gas mixture is equal to the sum of the pressure each gas would produce by itself |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
rate of gas tranfer (v gas) is proportional to the
surface area,
diffusion of gas,
difference in Partial Pressure
Inversely proportional to the thickness it must diffuse across |
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Term
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Definition
| Rate of diffusion = Surface area/Thickness of surface X diffusion rate of gas X difference in partial pressure |
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Term
| When is diffusion of gas greater? |
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Definition
| Surface area is large and the driving pressure is high |
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Term
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Definition
lower pressure
blood flow to lung
when standing, most of blood is at bottom of lungs (gravity pulls)
Exercising makes blood go to superior parts |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Ventilation/ perfusion ratio |
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Definition
Indicates matching of blood flow to ventilation
Ideal ratio is ~1.0 |
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Term
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Definition
| Underperfused ratio (<1.0) |
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Term
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Definition
| Overperfused ratio (>1.0) |
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Term
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Definition
Light exercise improves V/Q ratio
Heavy exercise distorts V/Q ratio |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What makes O2 come off Hemoglobin |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| byproduct of RBC glycolysis |
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Term
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Definition
Mb
Shuttles O2 from cell membrane to mitochondria
stores o2 reserves in muscle
Need higher intensity to activate |
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Term
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Definition
| breaks down bicarbonate to water and CO2 |
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Term
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Definition
dissolved CO2 (10%)
CO2 bound to hemoglobin (20%)
Bicarbonate (70%) |
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Term
| Ventilation and acid base balance |
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Definition
ventilation removes H+ from blood by carbonic anhydrase reaction
Increases pH in body |
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Term
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Definition
intial rapid increase in breathing when work is started
tapers off as steady state is reached |
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Term
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Definition
| ventilation increases in a hot/humid environment |
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Term
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Definition
point in exercise where ventilation rate increases exponentially
50%-75% in untrained, higher than 75% in trained |
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Term
| Pressure of O2 and CO2 in blood |
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Definition
| remains constant but lowers to 30-40mmHg during exercise due to high cardiac output |
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