1. In order to maintain a constant core temperature, heat loss must be equal to what?

2. What is the term used to describe the balance between heat loss and heat gain?

3. A thermal gradient exists between what two areas of the body?

1. Heat gain

2. Temperature homeostasis

3. The body core to skin surface

1. What is the voluntary way in which we produce heat?

2. What are the involuntary ways in which we produce heat? Which population does this occur most in?

3. How do we produce heat through non-shivering thermogenesis?

1. Exercise

2. Shivering and non-shivering thermogenesis. Occurs more often in infants. 

3. Through increased secretion of hormones such as thyroxine and catecoleamines.

1. What are the four ways in which our body loses heat?

1. Radiation, Conduction, Evaporation, and Convection.

1. Describe the mechanism of losing heat by radiation and give an example:

2. "      " conduction and give an example:

3. "      " convection and give an example:

4. "      " evaporation and give an example:

1. Transfer of heat from the surface of one object to the surface of another with no physical contact. An example of this is the sun radiating heat to the surface of the earth.

2. Transfer of heat from the body into the molecules of cooler objects in contact with it's surface. An example of this is transfer of heat from a person sitting into the chair into the seat of the chair. 

3. Transfer of heat to air or water molecules in contact with the body. An example this is a swimmer losing heat in the water.

4. Transfer of heat from the body to water on the surface of the skin. When this water gain sufficient heat energy its evaporated. An example of this is sweating.

1. What is the major cause of heat loss during rest?
2. What is the major cause of heat loss during exercise?

1. 60% of heat loss at rest occurs via radiation. 25% happens due to evaporation
2. Evaporation is the most important means of heat loss during exercise.

1. What is the body's thermostat?

1. The hypothalmous.

1. What is the anterior hypothalamus responsible for?
2. What is the posterior hypothalamus responsible for?

1. When the core temperature of the body is increased the anterior hypothalamus commences sweating and increases blood flow to the skin.
2. When the body is exposed to cold, the posterior hypothalamus increases heat production through shivering and decreases heat loss by decreasing blood flow to the skin.

1. List some of the methods used to measure deep-body (core) temperature during exercise. 
2. What are some of the ways to measure skin temperature?
3. What method allows for continuous temperature monitoring?

1. thermocouples/thermistors in the rectum ear or esophagus, CorTemp Ingestible Core Body Temperature Sensor
2. Thermistors at various locations, calculate mean skin temperature
3. CorTemp Ingestible Core Body Temperature Sensor