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Exercise 7
Kingdom of Fungi - the molds and yeast
14
Biology
Undergraduate 4
03/01/2009

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Term
Molds -uses
Definition
-used in making cheeses like Blue, Camembert as ripening substances
-employed to produce enzymes and acids
in oriental foods
Term
Yeast - uses
Definition
-use in fermentation like beer, wine, vinegar
-source of single cell protein
Saccharomyces cerevisiae produce CO2 in bread dough
Term
mold - spoilage
Definition
-often found in nuts, oilseeds, refrigerated foods
-Rhizopus nigricans is most commonn
Term
Yeast - spoilage
Definition
-in certain foods like sauerkraut, pickles
-fresh juices cos of high sugar and acid
Term
Patulin (mold)
Definition
toxin caused by Penicillum expansum that grows on apples
Term
Mycotoxins (mold)
Definition
toxic compounds caused by mold in foods
Term
Aspergillus flavus
Definition
mold that turn peanuts to green during storage in silos
Term
aflatoxin
Definition
mycotoxin produced by A.flavus
Term
Ascospore
Definition
have high tolerance to heat (like bacterial spores) that is produced by heat-resistant molds
Term
Mold - morphology
Definition
multicellular fungi w/ a body portion known as a thallus
Term
hypha
Definition
single strand of thread-like structures
Term
vegetative mycelia
Definition
mycelia that grows within or on surface of growth medium and functions to extract nutrients for survival
Term
Specialized fruiting spores
Definition
produce asexual or sexual spores that grow above vegetative mycelia
Term
Yeast - morphology
Definition
-unicellular fungi related to molds
-ellipsoidal, spherical, cylindrical cells, much larger than bacterial cells
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