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| the material that remains, called urine, is emptied into a collecting duct. urine contains urea, excess salts, and water, among other substances. |
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| The Kidneys are located on either side of the spinal column near the lower back.the kidneys removes urea, excess water and other waste products and passes them to the urter |
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| inner half called renal medulla, outer half called renal cortex. the functional units of the kidneys are called nephrons. nephrons are a small, independent processing unit. they are located in the renal cortex, except for their loops of Henle. |
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| the kidneys filter all the blood in the body roughly every 45 min. most material removed from the blood makes its way back into the blood. process in which liquid is taken back into a vessel. |
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| passing a liquid or gas through a filter to remove waste. the filtration of blood takes place in the glomerulus. the glumerulus is a small network of capillaries encased in the upper end of the nephron by a hollow,cup-shaped structure called Bowman's capsule. |
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| made up of calcium, magnesium, or uric acid salts in urine crystallize and form kidney stones. when stones block the ureter they cause great pain. often treated with ultrasound waves, which breaks the stones into smaller fragments, eliminated with the urine. |
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