Term
| __________ is an accumulation of inherited changes within a population over time. |
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Definition
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Term
| __________ is a group of individuals of one species that live in the same geographic area at the same time. |
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Definition
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Term
| A __________ is a group of organisms with similar structure, function, and behavior that are capable of interbreeding with one another. |
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Definition
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Term
| __________ are minor evolutionary changes of populations usually viewed over a few generations. |
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Definition
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Term
| __________ are major evolutionary changes usually viewed over a long period. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which scientist proposed that organisms change over time by natural phenomena rather than divine intervention? |
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Definition
| 1) Jean Baptiste de Lamarck |
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Term
| Which scientist proposed that over generations a given part (of an organism) would either increase in size or disappear depending on the use / need and a vital force that there was a vital force which changed them to greater complexity over time in which they could pass traits acquired during their lifetime to their offspring? |
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Definition
| 1) Jean Baptiste de Lamarck |
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Term
| Which scientist was discredited by Mendel's basis of heredity? |
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Definition
| 1) Jean Baptiste de Lamarck |
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Term
| Which scientist proposed the theory of evolution based on observations during the voyage of the HMS beagle in 1831? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which scientist found similarities (and distinct differences) between organisms on the arid Galapagos islands and on humid South American mainland? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are three factors which influenced Darwin? |
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Definition
1) Charles Lyell and principles of geology
2) Artificial selection by farmers
3) Thomas Malthus idea on struggle for existence |
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Term
| Which scientist proposed in Principles of Geology that the slow pace of geological processes which occur reveal that the Earth is old? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which scientist proposed that there is a struggle of existence due to differences in population growth, food supply, famine, disease, war, etc. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which scientist independently arrived to the same conclusion as Darwin that evolution occurs by natural selection? |
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Definition
| 1) Alfred Russell Wallace |
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Term
| What are the four primary factors necessary for evolution by natural selection? |
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Definition
1) Variation
2) Overproduction
3) Limits on population growth (struggle for existence)
4) Differential reproductive success |
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Term
| __________ __________ occurs because individuals with traits (that make them better adapted to local conditions) are more likely to survive and produce offspring than are individuals that are not as well adapted. |
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Definition
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Term
| Darwin was apparently not acquainted to the ideas of __________ __________. |
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Definition
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Term
| During the 1930s - 1940s biologists unified the explanation of evolution (Darwin + Mendelian genetics) which resulted in the __________ __________ or __________ __________ __________ __________. |
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Definition
1) Modern synthesis
2) Synthetic theory of evolution |
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Term
| Examples of evolution in action suggest that __________ may not be as important as natural selection on evolution - at least at the population level. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are five components that function as evidence for evolution? |
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Definition
1) Fossil records
2) Comparative anatomy
3) Biogeography
4) Developmental biology
5) Molecular analysis |
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Term
| A __________ are the remains or traces of ancient organisms typically left in sedimentary rock. |
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Definition
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Term
| __________ __________ characterize a specific layer over large geographic areas. |
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Definition
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Term
| __________ present in a rock provide a way to accurately measure the rock's age. |
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Definition
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Term
| __________ __________ have basic structural similarities and may be used in different ways; derived from the same structure in a common ancestor. |
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Definition
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Term
| __________ __________ indicate evolutionary affinities among the organisms possessing them. |
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Definition
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Term
| __________ __________ are those which have evolved independently to have similar functions in distantly related organisms. |
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Definition
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Term
| __________ __________ demonstrate convergent evolution (organisms with separate ancestries adapt in similar ways to a comparable environment). |
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Definition
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Term
| __________ __________ are nonfunctional or degenerate remnants of structures that were present and functional in ancestral organisms but later become vestigal as species adapt to different modes of life. |
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Definition
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Term
| __________ is the study of geographic distribution of plants and animals, where populations came from, how they got there, and when. |
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Definition
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Term
| __________ distribution of organisms affects evolution; areas separated from the rest of the world contain organisms evolved in isolation unique to those areas. |
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Definition
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Term
| At one time, continents were joined to form a supercontinent but __________ __________ caused landmasses to separate and played a major role in evolution. |
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Definition
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Term
| Evolutionary changes occurs as a result of changes in __________ that regulate the orderly sequence of events. |
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Definition
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Term
| In pythons the loss of forelimbs and elongation of the body are linked to mutations in several __________ genes that affect body patterns and limb formation. |
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Definition
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Term
| Terrestrial vertebrates are thought to have evolved from __________ ancestors. |
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Definition
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Term
| Evolution is a __________ process. |
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Definition
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Term
| The genetic code is virtually __________; conserved sequences of amino acids in proteins and of nucleotides in DNA. |
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Definition
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Term
| __________ __________ is also used to estimate the time of divergence between two closely related species or taxonomic groups |
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Definition
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Term
| If more differences occur in __________ __________ of DNA of one species compared to another, more time has elapsed since the two species diverged from a common ancestor. |
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Definition
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Term
| Since natural selection acts on the genetic variation that is currently available in a population, the "best" solution cannot always be found resulting in an __________ __________. |
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Definition
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Term
When people breed domesticated plants and animals with certain desirable traits the process is known as:
a. Artificial selection
b. Natural selection
c. Agricultural selection
d. Economic selection |
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Definition
| 1) a. Artificial selection |
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Term
Lungs in mammals, trachea in insects, or the wings of birds and insects are similar in function but there is no evolutionary evidence that these organisms have evolved from a common ancestor. Organs like these are referred to as:
a. Analagous
b. Synonymous
c. Homologous
d. Ancestral
e. Phylogenetic variants |
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Definition
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Term
A group of individuals that belong to the same species, and live in a particular place or area at a specific time, refers to what biological level of organization?
a. Class
b. Family
c. Community
d. Population |
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Definition
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Term
| Lamarck's theory was discredited by Mendel's principle of heredity: TRUE or FALSE |
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Definition
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Term
It seems Charles Darwin was most influenced by all of the following except:
a. Charles Lyell (principles of geology)
b. Artificial selection by farmers
c. Mendel's principle of heredity
d. Thomas Malthus ideas on population growth and food supply |
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Definition
| 1) c. Mendel's principle of heredity |
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Term
Which of the following scientists independently arrived to the same conclusion as Charles Darwin, that evolution occurs by natural selection?
a. Lamarck
b. Wallace
c. Lyell
d. Malthus |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following can be considered as an evidence for evolution?
a. Fossil records
b. Comparative anatomy
c. Biogeography
d. Molecular analysis and DNA sequencing
e. A, B, & C only
f. All of the above |
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Definition
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Term
| Evolution is a conservative process (new features rarely needs evolution of new developmental genes but depend on modification in developmental genes that already exist): TRUE or FALSE |
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Definition
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