Term
|
Definition
Inco-ordination
Prominent in cerebellar disease
Prior to testing ensure power and proprioception is normal
TESTING:
Finger nose test
Arm Bounce
Rebound phenomenom |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ask patient to touch nose with eyes open.
look for jerky movements (Dysmetria)
look for intention tremor (tremor occurring on voluntary movement)
Then ask patient to alternately touch his own nose and your finger as fast as he can, this will exaggerate the intention tremor and may demonstrate dysdiadochokinesia. |
|
|
Term
| Dysdiadochokineasia can be tested for by |
|
Definition
Finger nose testing - the patient rapidly touching his own nose, then touching the examiners finger.
Rapid supination and pronation of forearms.
Performing rapid and repeating tapping movements. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| press downward on patients outstretched arm, then suddenly release it and you will see excessive swinging in diseased patients. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ask patient to flex arm against resistance. sudden release may cause the hand to strike the face due to delay in the triceps contraction. |
|
|
Term
| What Dermatome is at the level of the nipple? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What Dermatome is at the level of the umbilicus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What Dermatome is at the level of the inguinal ligament? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What roots are responsible for the abdominal reflexes? |
|
Definition
T7-T12 roots.
Stroke abdominal skin and look to see if muscle contraction is absent or impaired.
(reflexes could be absent in obesity, after pregnancy, or after abdominal operations) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ROOTS: L1, L2
HOW TO TEST:
Scratch inner thigh. contraction of cremasteric muscle should cause testicular elevation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Examine the abdomen for distended bladder.
note evidence of urinary or fecal incontinence
note tone of anal sphincter during rectal exam |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ROOTS: S4, S5
HOW TO TEST:
A scratch on the skin beside the anus causes a reflex contraction of the anal sphincter. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
MUSCLE: Illiopsoas
ROOTS: L1, L2, L3
NERVE: Femoral N
HOW TO TEST: Flex hip against resistance. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
MUSCLE: Gluteus Maximus
ROOTS: L5, S1, S2
NERVE: Inferior gluteal N
HOW TO TEST: Patient attempts to keep heal on bed against resistance. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
MUSCLES: Gluteus Medius, Gluteus minimus, tensor fasciae latae
ROOTS: L4, L5, S1
NERVE: Superior Gluteal N
HOW TO TEST: Patient lying on bed tries to abduct the leg against resistance. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
MUSCLE: Adductor mm
ROOTS: L2, L3, L4
NERVE: Obturator N
HOW TO TEST: Patient laying on bed tries to pull knees together against resistance. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
MUSCLE: Hamstrings
ROOTS: L5, S1, S2
NERVE: Sciatic N
HOW TO TEST: Patient pulls heel towards buttocks and tries to maintain this position against resistance. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
MUSCLE: Quadriceps
ROOTS: L2, L3, L4
NERVE: Femoral N
HOW TO TEST: Patient tries to extend knee against resistance. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
MUSCLE: Tibialis Anterior
ROOTS: L4, L5
NERVE: Deep Peroneal N
HOW TO TEST: Patient dorsifelexes the ankle against resistance. (may have difficulty walking on their heels) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
MUSCLES: Gastrocnemius, soleus mm
ROOTS: S1, S2
NERVE: Tibial N
HOW TO TEST: Patient plantar flexes ankle against resistance. (May have trouble walking on toes before weakness is detected) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
MUSCLES:Extensor Hallucis Longus, Extensor Digitorum longus
ROOTS: L5, S1
NERVE: Deep Peroneal N
HOW TO TEST: Patient dorsiflexes toes against resistance. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
MUSCLE: Tibialis posterior
ROOTS: L4, L5
NERVE: Tibial N
HOW TO TEST: Patient inverts food against resistance. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
MUSCLES: Peroneous Longus, Peroneous Brevis
ROOTS: L5, S1
NERVE: Superficial Peroneal N
HOW TO TEST: Patient everts foot against resistance. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ROOTS: L2, L3, L4
HOW TO TEST: Relax patients leg and tap the patellar tendon with hammer and examine quadriceps contraction. Note any impairment or exaggeration of reflex. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Hold foot in dorsiflexion and palpate tibialis anterior tendon. (if taut then no reflex will occur)
Tap the achilles tendon and watch for a calf contraction and plantar flexion. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Relax big toe, then stroke sole and ball of foot. FLEXION SHOULD occur. If you have EXTENSION due to contraction of extensor hallucis longus (+ve babinski's) then there is an UMN lesion. (usually accompanied by synchronous contraction of knee flexors and tensor fasciae latae) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stimulate lateral border of foot. If extension of big toe occurs then UMN lesion is present. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ask patient to stand with heels together with eyes open, then with eyes closed, noting any swaying or loss of balance.
Present with eyes open and closed = Cerebellar Ataxia
Present ONLY WHEN EYES ARE CLOSED = Proprioceptive deficit. (+ve Romberg's) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
look for length of step and width
abnormal leg movements
instability
associated postural movements
If gait is normal repeat with tandem walking to exaggerate instabilities (Heel to toe) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ability to detect stimuli in both limbs when applied to both limbs simultaneously. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ability to recognize objects when placed in hand. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The ability to recognize numbers or letters when traced out on the hand. |
|
|
