Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Examen Final
Vocab, presente, preterito/imperfecto, verbos como gustar, direct&indirect object pronouns, subjunctive, past subjunctive, present/subj. perfect, future, commands, condicional, sentences with si
86
Language - Spanish
Undergraduate 2
12/12/2010

Additional Language - Spanish Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
el trabajo/puesto de tiempo completo/parcial
Definition
full/part time job
Term
la empresa
Definition
corporation; business
Term
solicitar (un puesto)
Definition
to apply (for a job)
Term
el sueldo/salario
Definition
salary
Term
la cuenta corriente
Definition
checking account
Term
la cuenta de ahorros
Definition
savings account
Term
el préstamo
Definition
loan
Term
la factura
Definition
bill
Term
el cajero automático
Definition
ATM
Term
la tarjecta de crédito
Definition
credit card
Term
el cheque
Definition
check
Term
la meta
Definition
goal
Term
el presupuesto
Definition
budget
Term
la hipoteca
Definition
mortgage
Term
gastar
Definition
to spend [money]
Term
ganar
Definition
to earn
Term
ahorrar
Definition
to save [money]
Term
prestar (dinero)
Definition
to lend (money)
Term
pedir (e-->i) (dinero) prestado/-a
Definition
to borrow (money)
Term
depositar
Definition
to deposit
Term
el aumento
Definition
increase, raise
Term
el seguro médico
Definition
medical insurance
Term
jubilarse (la jubilación)
Definition
to retire (retirement)
Term
los gastos
Definition
expenses
Term

Present tense:

regular present endings

Definition
  • -ar
    • -o
    • -as
    • -a
    • -amos
    • -áis
    • an
  • -er
    • -o
    • -es
    • -e
    • -emos
    • -éis
    • -en
  • -ir (same as -en except in nosotros and vosotros)
    • -o
    • -es
    • -e
    • -imos
    • -ís
    • -en
Term

Present tense:

Irregulars

Definition
  • ser - to be 
    • soy
    • eres
    • es
    • somos
    • sois
    • son
  • estar - to be 
    • estoy
    • estás
    • está
    • estamos
    • estáis
    • están
  • ir - to go 
    • voy
    • vas
    • va
    • vamos
    • vais
    • van
Term

Present tense:

Irregular yo

Definition

conducir - to drive --> conduzco

conocer - to know [by experience] --> conozco

poner - to place, put --> pongo

decir - to say --> digo

oír - to hear -->oigo

tener - to have --> tengo

venir - to come --> vengo

hacer - to do, make --> hago

salir - to leave, go out --> salgo

traer - to bring --> traigo

caer - caigo --> caigo

ver - to see --> veo

saber --> sé

dar - to give --> doy

Term

Present tense:

stem changing verbs

Definition

e --> ie (ex: preferir, querer, comenzar, despertar, empezar, hervir, pensar, sentar, sentir)

e --> i (ex: servir, (des)pedir, (con)seguir)

o --> ue (ex: dormir, mover, acostar, moler, poder, volver)

u --> ue (ex: jugar)

*when an -ir verb ends in a vowel, i --> y except in nosotros/vosotros

(ex: construir-->construyo, construyes,...constriumos...;

oír-->oigo, oyes,...oímos, oís, oyen)

Term

IO Verb:

gustar

Definition
to please (like)
Term

IO Verb:

encantar

Definition
to be delightful
Term

IO Verb:

faltar

Definition
to be missing, lacking
Term

IO Verb:

interesar

Definition
to interest
Term

IO Verb:

molestar

Definition
to bother, annoy
Term

IO Verb:

parecer

Definition
to seem
Term

IO Verb:

convencer

Definition
to convince
Term

IO Verb:

satisfacer

Definition
to satisfy
Term

IO Verb:

quedar

Definition

to fit

 

Term

IO Verb:

apetecer

Definition
to be appetizing
Term

IO Verb:

preocupar

Definition
to worry
Term

IO Verb:

sorprender

Definition
to surprise
Term

IO Verb:

fascinar

Definition
to fascinate, intrigue
Term

IO Verb:

disgustar

Definition
to disgust
Term

IO Verb:

aburrir

Definition
to bore
Term

IO Verb:

importar

Definition
to import
Term
list the indirect object pronouns
Definition

me (a mí)

te (a tí)

le (a el/ella/ud.)

nos (a nosotros/-as)

os (a vosotros/-as)

les (a ellos/ellas/uds.)

Term

Imperfect

Imperfect -ar and -er/ir conjugations

Definition
  • -ar
    • -aba
    • -abas
    • -aba
    • ábamos
    • -abais
    • -aban

 

  • -er/-ir
    • -ía
    • -ías
    • -ía
    • -íamos
    • -íais
    • -ían
Term

Imperfect

irregular imperfect verbs

Definition
  • ir
    • iba
    • ibas
    • iba
    • ibamos
    • ibais
    • iban
  • ser
    • era
    • eras
    • era
    • éramos
    • erais
    • eran
  • ver
    • veía
    • veías
    • veía
    • veíamos
    • veíais
    • veían
Term

Preterite

regular preterite -ar and -er/-ir conjugations

Definition
  • -ar
    • -aste
    • amos
    • asteis
    • aron
  • -er/-ir
    • -iste
    • -ió
    • imos
    • isteis
    • ieron
Term

Preterite

preterite stem changes

Definition
no -ar or -er changes, only -ir in the third person singular and plural (e-->o, o-->u)
Term

Preterite

preterite changes in -car,-gar, & -zar verbs

Definition

only in yo form

-car --> qu

-gar --> gu

-zar --> c

Term

Preterite

preterite changes in -aer, -eer, -oír, -oer, & -uir

Definition

For verbs that end in -aer, -eer, -oír,-oer & -uir:

  •  the third person singular uses the ending "-yó" (rather than ió)
  • third person plural uses the ending "-yeron" (rather than ieron). 
  • remaining forms gain a "í" (except for -uir verbs in which this only occurs in yo form)

 

 

ex:

  • creer
    • creí
      creíste
      cre
      creímos
      creísteis
      creyeron
  • huir

    • huí
      huiste
      hu
      huimos
      huisteis
      huyeron

*exceptions: traer, atraer
distraer

Term

Preterite

irregular preterite

Definition
  • ir/ser
    • fui

      fuiste

      fue

      fuimos

      fuisteis

      fueron

  • hacer
    • hice
    • hiciste
    • hizo
    • hicimos
    • hicisteis
    • hicieron
  • dar (same with "ver", but with a v)
    • di/vi

      diste/viste

      dio/vio

      dimos/vimos

      disteis/visteis

      dieron/vieron

 

 

  • estar: estuv- (-e, -iste, -o, -imos, -isteis, -ieron)
  • poder: pud-    "            "
  • poner: pus-    "            "
  • querer: quis-    "            "
  • saber: sup-    "                 "
  • tener: tuv-    "                  "
  • venir: vin-    "                   "
  • decir: dij-    "                  "
  • traer: traj-    "                "
Term

Preterite vs. Imperfect

uses: habitual or repeated action

Definition
imperfect
Term

Preterite vs. Imperfect

uses:  ongoing action, with mientras

Definition
imperfect
Term

Preterite vs. Imperfect

uses: background details or description (time, location, mood, weather, age, mental or physical characteristics)

Definition
imperfect
Term

Preterite vs. Imperfect

uses: interrupted action-action that was happening when another action broke continuity

Definition
imperfect
Term

Preterite vs. Imperfect

uses: backdrop/setup-describes conditions that led to action, sets stage, ongoing

Definition
imperfect
Term

Preterite vs. Imperfect

uses: beginning/end of past action

Definition
preterite
Term

Preterite vs. Imperfect

uses: action that is completed

Definition
preterite
Term

Preterite vs. Imperfect

uses: series of completed actions

Definition
preterite
Term

Preterite vs. Imperfect

uses: interrupting action-action that took place because of a condition already in progress

Definition
preterite
Term

Preterite vs. Imperfect

uses: action "on stage"

Definition
preterite
Term

Preterite vs. Imperfect

Expressions that signal use of preterite

Definition
  • ayer - yesterday
  • la semana pasada - last week
  • anoche - last night
  • el mes pasado - last month
  • el otro día - the other day
  • el año pasado - last year
  • entonces - then
  • hace dos días, años - two days, years ago
  • esta mañana - this morning
  • ayer por la mañana - yesterday morning
Term

Preterite vs. Imperfect

Expressions that signal use of imperfect

Definition

  • a menudo- often
  • generalmente - usually
  • a veces - sometimes
  • muchas veces - many times
  • cada día - every day
  • siempre - always
  • cada año - every year
  • todo el tiempo - all the time
  • de vez en cuando - from time to time
  • varias veces - several times
Term

Ud./Uds Commands:

Formation of Affirmative ud./uds commands

Definition

Derived from present tense “yo” form

-ar: -o  à  -e,  -en

-er/-ir: -o  à  -a, -an

hablar: hablo àhable

                          hablen

comer: como  à  coma

    coman

 

escribir: escribo  à  escriba

escriban

Term

Ud./uds. Command:

Stem changes

Definition

Stem changed exist in all forms

ex: a.       pensar à piensa, piensan

b.      volver à vuelva, vuelvan

c.       pedir à pida, pidan

 

Term

Ud./Uds Commands:

Changes in certain verb endings

Definition

verbs ending in-car, -gar, or -zar have a spelling change to preserve the -c-, -g-, and -z- sounds

1.       c à qu

a.       buscar  > busque, busquen

2.       g à gu

a.       pagar >  pague, paguen

3.       z à c

a.       empezar > empiece, expiecen

Term

Ud/uds Commands:

Irregulars

Definition

verbs with irregular "yo" in present form are shown in command

ex:

1.       conocer: conozco  à conozca   (ud.)

2.       decir: digo à diga  (ud.)

 

other irregulars

1.       dar  à dé, dén

2.       estar   à esté, estén 

3.       ir  à vaya, vayan

4.       saber  à sepa, sepan

5.       ser  à sea, sean

 

Term

Tu Commands:

Formation of affirmative

Definition

Most affirmative tú commands have the same form as el/ella/ud. in present tense

-ar à -a

-er/-ir à -e

Term

Tu Commands:

Irregulars

Definition

1.       Decir à di

2.       Hacer à haz

3.       Poner à pon

4.       Salir à sal

5.       Ser à  se

6.       Tenir à ten

7.       Venir à ven

Term

Past Participle/Perfect tense:

irregular past participles

Definition
  • abrir (to open): abierto
  • cubrir (to cover): cubierto
  • decir (to stay): dicho
  • escribir (to write): escrito
  • hacer (to do, make): hecho
  • morir (to die): muerto
  • poner (to put, place): puesto
  • resolver (to resolve): resuelto
  • romper (to break): roto
  • ver (to see): visto
  • volver (to return): vuelto
Term
Present Perfect Indicative
Definition

haber + past participle (-ado/-ido)

  • he ___-ado/-ido
  • has ___-ado/-ido
  • ha ___-ado/-ido
  • hemos ___-ado/-ido
  • habéis ___-ado/-ido
  • han ___-ado/-ido
Term
Present Perfect Subjunctive
Definition

subjunctive haber + past participle (-ado/-ido)

  • haya ___-ado/-ido
  • hayas ___-ado/-ido
  • haya ___-ado/-ido
  • hayamos ___-ado/-ido
  • hayáis ___-ado/-ido
  • hayan ___-ado/-ido
Term

Past Participle/Perfect tense:

the basic formation of the past participle

Definition
  • -ar → -ado
  • -er/-ir → -ido
Term

Past Participle/Perfect tense:

irregularity of -er/-ir verbs with stems ending in -a,-e, or -o

Definition

an accent mark is used

ex:

  • caer: caído
  • creer: creído
  • leer: leído
  • oír: oído
  • (son)reír: (son)reído
  • traer: traído
Term

Future tense:

Forming the future

Definition

The following endings are added onto the indicative to express that things will or are going to happen

-é

-ás

-emos

-eís

-án

Term

Future tense:

Irregulars

Definition

1.       caber: cabr-

2.       decir:  dir-

3.       haber (hay): habr-

4.       hacer: har-

5.       poder: podr-

6.       poner: pondr-

7.       querer: querr-

8.       saber: sabr-

9.       salir: saldr-

10.   tener: tendr-

11.   venir: vendr-

12.   valer: valdr-

Term

Si clauses:

Known

Definition
Si + present, present
Term

Si clauses:

Probable

Definition
Si + present, future
Term

Si clauses:

Impossible

Definition
Si + past subjunctive, conditional
Term

Present Subjunctive:

Formation of present subjunctive

Definition

Comes from present indicative “yo” stem

-ar à e

-er/-ir àa

-e

-a

-es

-as

-e

-a

-emos

-amos

-éis

-áis

-en

-an

Term

Present Subjunctive:

Irregular

Definition

1.       dar: dé, des, dé, deis, den

2.       estar: esté,….

3.       haber: haya,….

4.       ir: vaya,…

5.       saber:  sepa, …

6.       ser: sea, …..

Term

Present Subjunctive:

Stem changes

Definition

1.      

-ar and -er stem changing verbs follow present indicative stem changes.

a.       pensar (eàie)

piense

pienses

piense

pensamos

penséis

piensen

b.      poder (oàue)

pueda

puedas

pueda

podamos

podáis

puedan

 

-ir stem changing verbs show a change in the four forms that have a change in the present indicative. In addition, they show a second stem change in nosotros and vosotros, the same change that occurs in present participle and in third person preterite. (oàue,   eài)

c.       Dormer (oàue)(u):  duerma, duermas, duerma durmamos, durmáis, duerman

d.      Pedir (eài)(i): pida, ……..pidamos,…..pidan

e.      Preferir (eàie)(i):  prefiera,…prefiramos,…prefieran

Like preterite, the subjunctive changes –car, -gar, and-zar to preserve their repective sounds

-car: c à qu

f.        Buscar (càqu): busque, …busquemos,…busquen

-gar: g à gu

a.       Pagar (gàgu): pague,…paguemos,…paguen

-zar: z à c

b.      Empezar (zàc): empiece,….empiecemos,….empiecen

 

 

Term

Past Subjunctive:

Formation of the past subjunctive

Definition

-a

-as

-a

-amos

-ais

-an

Add these endings to the third person plural of the preterite, minus its preterite ending (ex: hablar: hablaron-->hablara;  comer: comieron --> comiera)

Term

Conditional:

basic formation

Definition

-ía

- ías

-ía

- íamos

- íais

- ían

Term

Conditional

Irregulars

Definition

same as future, just with different endings

1.       caber: cabr-

2.       decir:  dir-

3.       haber (hay): habr-

4.       hacer: har-

5.       poder: podr-

6.       poner: pondr-

7.       querer: querr-

8.       saber: sabr-

9.       salir: saldr-

10.   tener: tendr-

11.   venir: vendr-

valer: valdr-      

Supporting users have an ad free experience!