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A solute whose aqueous solution contains ions and conducts electricity.
e.g. acids, bases, salts |
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Definition
A solute whose aquesous solution does not conduct electricity.
e.g. sugar, benzene, most organic compounds |
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| A positively charged electrode which attracts anions; where oxidation takes place. |
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| A negatively charged electrode which attracts cations; where reduction takes place. |
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Definition
| The loss of electrons. Cumetal → Cu2+ + 2e- |
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| The gain of electrons. Zn2+ + 2e- → Znmetal |
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| A measure in volts of the tendency of atoms to gain or lose electrons. Relative to a hydrogen oxidation reaction which has an assigned value of zero. |
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| One of the two parts, either the reduction of the oxidation, of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction. |
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| Write half reaction: oxidation of sodium metal |
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| Write half reaction: reduction of sulfur atoms |
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| How can you determine if a redox reaction will take place spontaneously? |
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Definition
Add the electrode potentials of the two half reactions.
If the result is positive, the reaction is spontaneous;
if negative, the reaction is not spontaneous. |
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Definition
| Redox reactions which do not occur spontaneously can be forced to take place by supplying an external current. e.g. electroplating, electrolysis |
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| A chart listing the relative activities (oxidation potential) of metals. |
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Definition
A unit of electric charge which deposits by electrolysis one equivalent weight of an element;
one faraday = 96,500 coulombs. |
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Definition
| The number of grams of an element which will accept or donate one mole of electrons. |
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| How many faradays are required to reduce 108 g of Ag ions to Ag metal from molten AgCl? |
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Definition
| A faraday reduces one equivalent weight of substance. There are 108 g in one mole of Ag. The reaction requires one faraday. |
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Definition
A battery.
Spontaneous redox reactions between chemical components create voltage.
e.g. in cars, lead storage battery;
flashlights, dry cell (AA, C, D, 9-volt etc.) |
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Definition
| A substance which causes another substance to be oxidized; oxidizing agent is simultaneously reduced. |
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| A substance which causes another substance to be reduced; reducing agent is simultaneously oxidized. |
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