Term
| Compare ionic radii: Cl, S, P What is the reason for their different sizes? |
|
Definition
| Cl1- is smallest; P3- is largest The P atom gained the most e- and has the most shells. |
|
|
Term
| Compare ionic radii: Na, Mg, Al What is the reason for their different sizes? |
|
Definition
| Na1+ is largest Al3+ is smallest The Al atom lost the most e- and has the fewest shells. |
|
|
Term
| Describe the change in nonmetallic activity across the periodic table. |
|
Definition
| Non-metallic activity increases across the table left to right and decreases down the columns. |
|
|
Term
| Describe the change in electronegativity across the periodic table. |
|
Definition
| Electronegativity tends to increase across the table left to right, and decrease down the columns. |
|
|
Term
| Describe the change in metallic activity across the periodic table. |
|
Definition
| Metallic activity decreases across the table left to right and increases down the columns. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The ability of an atom to attract the e- in a covalent bond to itself. Values range from 0.7 (Cs) to 4.0 (F) |
|
|
Term
| Describe the change in ionization energy across the periodic table |
|
Definition
| Ionization energy tends to increase from left to right across the table and decrease down the columns. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The energy change required for the removal of the outermost electron from a gaseous atom to form a 1+ ion. |
|
|
Term
| List basic facts: Chromium |
|
Definition
bluish-white, brittle transition metal, hard, corrosion-resistant
chief ore: chromite
uses: chromium plating, paint pigment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Hard, white metal which resists tarnish; ferromagnetic, the magnetic alloy is called alnico.
uses: coins; catalyst for hydrogenation of fats |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
principal ores: chalcocite, cuprite chalcopyrite soft, red-brown, ductile, malleable
uses: wires, brass, bronze |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
principal ores: sphalerite, smithsonite, zincite
uses: galvanized iron, dry cells, electrical connectors, die casting |
|
|
Term
| List basic facts: mercury |
|
Definition
The only liquid metal at room temperature.
uses: thermometers, Hg vapor lamps |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Most abundant element of earth (20% or air, 89% or H2O). Obtained by fractional distillation of liquid air or electrolysis of water. Reactive at high temperatures. |
|
|
Term
| List basic facts: Nitrogen |
|
Definition
| Major component of air (78%). Obtained by fractional distillation of liquid air. Inert and stable. compounds: NH3, NHO3, NO |
|
|
Term
| List basic facts: Chlorine |
|
Definition
| kills bacteria in H2O. component of gastric juice in stomach (HCl) table salt (NaCl) produced by electrolysis of seawater |
|
|
Term
| List basic facts: Fluorine |
|
Definition
| Elemental gas is poisonous. Component of freon (refrigerator gas), plastics, toothpaste, insecticides. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Obtained from nitrate and seawater deposits. Used in the drug industry (iodine solution, iodoform) and in table salt. |
|
|
Term
| List basic facts: Bromine |
|
Definition
| Liquid at room temperature. Prepared from seawater. Used in the petroleum, drug and photographic industries. |
|
|
Term
| List basic facts: Phosphorus |
|
Definition
two allotropes: white and red
can combine with oxygen and hydrogen
used in: matches, rat poison, grenades
compounds: H3PO4, phosphates |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Not active at room temperature.
Large amounts occur in nature.
Occurs in 3 allotropic forms.
Compounds: H2SO4, SO2, sulfa drugs, gunpowder, matches |
|
|
Term
| List basic facts: Silicon |
|
Definition
second to oxygen in abundance (25% of earth's crust) found in silicate rocks, clay, mica, SiO2, quartz, sand
hard and brittle; SiO2 forms glass |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
allotropic: e.g. diamond, graphite backbone of molecules in plants and animals.
compounds: fats, sugars, gasoline |
|
|
Term
| List basic facts: Ammonium ion |
|
Definition
The ammonium ion (NH41+) behaves chemically like an alkali metal.
Uses: fertilizers, baking powder, soldering flux, explosives |
|
|
Term
| List basic facts: Magnesium |
|
Definition
abundant (2% of the earth's crust) found in seawater, salt beds and silicates
uses: structural metal, flashbulbs, milk of magnesia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| soft, white low-melting metal uses: tinplate to protect steal and in alloys |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Soft, non-elastic, low-melting, blue-white metal. Becomes dark grey in air. uses: piping, telephone cables, alloys |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Found uncombined or as Ag2S; bright, lustrous, soft, malleable.
uses: silver plating, jewelry, photographic film and paper |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Found uncombined as nuggets or grains.
Uses: coins, jewelry, alloys |
|
|
Term
| List basic facts: Platinum Metals |
|
Definition
| Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, Pt Inert, occurs free in nature, rare and expensive Uses of Platinum: dentistry, jewelry, industrial catalyst |
|
|
Term
| List basic facts: Calcium |
|
Definition
| abundant 3% of Earth's crust) found in limestone, marble, chalk, and seashells Uses: essential to bones and teeth, concrete, mortar |
|
|
Term
| List basic facts: Aluminum |
|
Definition
| most abundant metal (7% of earth's crust) found in mica, feldspar bauxite (principal ore) uses: structure (wheels, building) foil, paint, electric wires |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| abundant (5% of Earth's crust) principal ores: hematite, pyrite, magnetite separated from ore in a blast furnace uses: structural, magnetic, dyes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hydrogen combines with active metals to form ionic compounds where the valence of hydrogen is 1- (NaH), CaH2, LiH) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A reaction where O2 combines with another substance so rapidly that heat and light are released. |
|
|
Term
| Write the equation for the combustion of methane. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The process of inducing nitrogen to combine chemically with other elements. e.g. 3Mg + N2 ↔ Mg3N2 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The fixation of nitrogen to hydrogen, in the presence of metal catalyst, at high temperature and pressure, to form ammonia. N2 +3H2 ↔ 2NH3 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A process to separate water from its solutes. Water flows through resins which absorb the ions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A process used to separate a mixture based on different boiling points of the components. Components are separately vaporized then condensed. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A physical property of metals; can be easily made into sheets e.g. aluminum foil |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A physical property of metals; can be drawn into a wire. e.g. copper electrical wires |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A family (Group VIIA) of elements with seven electrons in their outer shell. They are abundant and chemically active. F, Cl, Br, I, At |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The few metals which occur uncombined in nature: gold, silver, platinum, copper |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An element with the properties of both metals and non-metals. e.g. Si, AS, Ge, Sb, Te |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a family of metals which form 2+ cations chemically active their oxides form mildly basic solutions e.g. Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba |
|
|
Term
| Describe the change in Atomic Radius across the periodic table |
|
Definition
| The atomic radius tends to decrease from left to right across the table and increase down the columns. |
|
|
Term
| Lanthanide and Actinide Series |
|
Definition
| Transition elements #57-71 and #90-103 which have partially filled f orbitals. Only the first four elements occur naturally |
|
|
