Term
| Trade offs between nervous and endocrine responses, type of molecules used, and how they reach their target |
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Definition
Endocrine uses hormones released into the blood that go everywhere. They are slower than the nervous sytem but last longer. They are sent chemical and have a broad signal that reaches every cell, and activates those with receptors to receive it. There are varying levels and it can be hard to turn off by there's more potential for feedback.
Nervous: Neutrotransmitters used electrical and chemical signals. That last/take a fraction of a second and send specific binary signals to particular parts of the body. |
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Term
| Explain the origin of the pituitary gland and which parts of epithelial verses nervous tissue |
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Definition
| The pituitary gland has epithelial tissue and nervous tissue, though it is ectodermal in origin. The posterior area is derived from nervous tissue and has nerves from the hypothalamus in it. The anterior areas is epithelial tissue and connected to hypotha. by blood instead of nerves |
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Term
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Definition
| The lower part of the brain which communicates with/controls teh pituitary gland via nerve impulses and blood. |
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Term
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Definition
| Keeps various levels (temp, sugar, etc) within certain ranges |
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Term
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Definition
| The chemical signal transmitted between nerves. (seratonin, dopamine, etc) |
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Term
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Definition
| Hormones released by neurotransmitters into the blood stream |
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Term
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Definition
A change releases a chemical which causes that change to happen more which causes more of that chemical to be released.
For example breast feeding. The more milk is used, the more the body produces. |
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Term
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Definition
A change in the body causes a effect, but as the effect occurs, the change goes away, and thus the effect starts to go away as well.
For example when body temperature decreases we shiver and restrict blood vessels. As this warms the body, shivering ceases and blood vessels expand again. |
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Term
| Describe the cascade of events in a hormone response |
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Definition
| Sensory input ->hypothalamus -> Releasing hormones -> Tropins (stimulating hormones) -> Other glands (like adrenal cortex) -> hormones go into blood (like gluticocorticoids)-> target cells |
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Term
| Patterns in glucorticoid/cortisol released, daily and in response to stressors |
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Definition
| Cortisol is released early in the morning in response to waking up, and immediately following epinephrine (a stress response) |
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Term
| What are the adaptive benefits of cortisol release |
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Definition
| Causes fat and protein to release sugar into the blood stream. In the morning this helps give the energy needed to go find food/work. And when in danger this gives energy to fight off an attacker or run away. |
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Term
| Identify organs and glands of endocrine system (hormones released, target, and action) Melanotrophin |
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Definition
Source: Anterior pituitary gland/inter lobe
Target: Epithelium (skin, hair)
Action: Stimulates malonin production and proliferation of malonin producing cells |
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Term
| Identify organs and glands of endocrine system (hormones released, target, and action) Vasopressin |
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Definition
Source: Posterior pituitary
Target: Kidney (collecting ducts)
Action: Reabsorbs water back into bloodstream |
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Term
| Identify organs and glands of endocrine system (hormones released, target, and action) Oxytocin |
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Definition
Source: Posterior pituitary
Target: Uterus
Action: Uterine contractions, milk release, ejaculation |
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Term
| Identify organs and glands of endocrine system (hormones released, target, and action) Parathyroid |
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Definition
Source: Parathyroid gland
Target: Bones, kidney, and digestive system
Action: Increases blood calcium |
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Term
| Identify organs and glands of endocrine system (hormones released, target, and action) Thyroxine |
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Definition
Source: Thyroid
Target: All cells
Action: Regulates cell metabolic rate (glucose burning rate) |
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Term
| Identify organs and glands of endocrine system (hormones released, target, and action) Aldosterone |
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Definition
Source: Adrenal cortex
Target: Kidney (distal tube)
Action: Increases sodium absorption |
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Term
| Identify organs and glands of endocrine system (hormones released, target, and action) Glucocorticoids |
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Definition
Source: Adrenal cortex
Target: Liver, adipose cells
Action: Gluconeogenesis (turns fat into glucose) |
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Term
| Identify organs and glands of endocrine system (hormones released, target, and action) Norepinephrine |
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Definition
Source: Adrenal medulla
Target: many cells w receptors
Action: vasodialation, pain dampen,heart rate and ventilation go up, pupils dialate, decreased digestion and immuno. |
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Term
| Identify organs and glands of endocrine system (hormones released, target, and action) Releasing Hormone |
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Definition
Source: Hypothalamus
Target: many hormones so many targets
Action: secrete other hormones |
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Term
| Identify organs and glands of endocrine system (hormones released, target, and action) Melanotonin |
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Definition
Source: Pineal gland
Target: Pituitary gland, other organs
Action: Daily rhythm/clock (helps humans sleep) |
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Term
| Identify organs and glands of endocrine system (hormones released, target, and action) Growth Hormone |
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Definition
Source: Anterior pituitary
Target: many kinds of cells
Action: Stimulates growth |
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Term
| Identify organs and glands of endocrine system (hormones released, target, and action) Prolactin |
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Definition
Source: Anterior pitutary
Target: Mammary glands
Action: Milk production |
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Term
| Identify organs and glands of endocrine system (hormones released, target, and action) Thyrotropin |
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Definition
Source: Anterior pituitary gland
Target: Thyroid gland
Action: Releases thyroxine |
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Term
| Identify organs and glands of endocrine system (hormones released, target, and action) Follicle stimulating hormones |
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Definition
Source: Anterior pituitary gland
Target: Gonad
Action: gamete formation/development. Releases estrogen |
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Term
| Identify organs and glands of endocrine system (hormones released, target, and action) Luteinizing hormones |
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Definition
Source: Anterior pituitary
Target: gonads
Action: gamete release -> production of androgens (sperm egg) |
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Term
| Identify organs and glands of endocrine system (hormones released, target, and action) Corticotropin |
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Definition
Source: Anterior pituitary gland
Target: adrenal gland
Action: releases steriods |
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Term
| Identify organs and glands of endocrine system (hormones released, target, and action) Insulin |
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Definition
Source: Pancreas
Target: Liver, fat cells
Action: Converts glucose to glycogen, prevents hydrolysis of fat |
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Term
| Identify organs and glands of endocrine system (hormones released, target, and action) Glucagon |
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Definition
Source: Pancreas
Target: Liver
Action: Converts glycogen to glucose |
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Term
| Identify organs and glands of endocrine system (hormones released, target, and action) Cholecystokinin |
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Definition
Source: Duodenum
Target: Pancreas and gallbladder
Action: Release of digestive enzymes (break down lipids/proteins) and bile release |
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Term
| Identify organs and glands of endocrine system (hormones released, target, and action) Wecretin |
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Definition
Source: Duodenum
Target: Pancreas
Action: Release bicarbonate ion to increase pH |
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Term
| Identify organs and glands of endocrine system (hormones released, target, and action) Testosterone |
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Definition
Source: Testis
Target: Reproductive anatomies
Action: development/maturation |
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Term
| Identify organs and glands of endocrine system (hormones released, target, and action) Estradiol |
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Definition
Source: Ovary
Target: Uterus, reproductive anatomies
Action: Developments and maturation |
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Term
| Identify organs and glands of endocrine system (hormones released, target, and action) Calcitonin |
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Definition
Source: Thyroid
Target: Digestive system, kidney, bone
Action: Decreases blood calcium |
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