The primary purpose of the reproductive system is to ___ ____

-Primary sex organs (gonads)

1)

2)

-Produce the gametes

3)

4)

Accessory sex organs include:

-Internal ___ and ____ that serve to nourish the ___ and ____ them to the ___ of the body

-_____

-produce offspring

1)testes

2)ovaries

3)sperm

4)ovum

-Glands

-ducts

-gametes

-transport

-outside

Over View

- Sperm are produced in the testes and leave the body through a system of ducts in the following order: the duct of the ___, the ___ ___ the ___ ___ and the ___

Accessory sex glands

- Empy their secretions into the sex ducts

-Include the __ ___, and __ ___ and ___ ___

- Epididymis

-ductus deferens

-ejaculatory duct

- urethra

- seminal vesicles

-prostate gland

- bulbourethral gland

The Testes- Gross anatomy

1)Tunica vaginalis

2) Tunica albuginea

3)lobules

1)Serous sac within the scrotum that partially encloses each testis

2) Just deep to the tunica vaginalis

A fibrous capsule (Protection of teste)

3)250 to 300 wedge-shaped compartments formed by the tunica albuginea

Each contains one to four seminiferous tubules (sperm-producing structures)

The Testes- Gross Anatomy Cont.

1) Tubulus rectus

2) Rete tesits

1) - Formed by the convergence of the seminiferous tubules

-conveys sperm into the rete testis

2) Collect sperm from the tubuli recti and send them to the epididymis

Spermatogenic Cells

-Located in the ____ of the ___ ___

-Represent different stages of ___ ___ formation

-Order of sperm cell formation:

Spermatogonia > ___ spermatocytes > ___ spermatocytes > ___ > ___

- Epithelial

-sperm cell

-primary

- secondary

-spermatids

-spermatozoa

Steps of Spermatogenesis

1) Formation of spermatocytes

2) Meiosis

3) Spermiogenesis

1) Division of spermatogia into primary spermatocytes

2) Results in the production of secondary spermatocytse (meiosis I) and spermatids (meiosis II)

3) Spermatids differentiate into spermatoza* (sperm cells)

*motility(swim)

Structure of a Sperm Cell

1)Head

2)Midpiece

3) Tail

1) Contains an acrosome which contains digestive enzymes that allow sperm to penetrate and enter an egg

2) Contains mitochondria

3) A flagellum used for motility

Interstitial Cells: Explain functions

-Make and secrete androgens (especially testosterone)

- Testosterone maintains all male sex characteristics and sex organs

The Epididymis

-Site of sperm ____

-Uncoiled length is over __ __

- During their trip through the epididymis (about 20 days) ___ ___ gain the ability to ___ and to ___ the egg

- Sperm cells are ___ from the ___ (not the testes_

- maturation

-20 feet

-sperm cells

-swim

-fertilize

-ejaculated 

-epididymis

The Ductus Deferens ( Vas Deferens)

-___ and ___ sperm during ejaculation

- Its distal end explands as the ___ of the ___ ___ and unites with the duct of the seminal vesicle to form the ___ ___

- Smooth muscles in its ___ contract and propel sperm to the ___ and outside the body

- Stores 

-Transports

-ampulla

-ductus deferens

-muscularis

-urethra

Spermatic Cord: Explain and list structures 

Seminal Vesicles

- Lie on the posterior surface of the ___

-Secrete a viscous fluid that makes up about ___ of ___

- The fluid contains:

-____ and other nutrients for sperm

-_____ (stimulate the contraction of the uterus to help move sperm through the femal reproductive tract)

-Substances that suppress the ___ system in females

-SUbstances that enhance sperm ___

- ___ that clot the semen in the vagina and then liquefy it so that the sperm can swim out

-bladder

- 60%, semen

-fructose

-prostaglandins

-immune

-motility

-enzymes

Prostate Gland

- Encircles the first part of the ____ just inferior to the bladder 

-Secretes a fluid that makes up about ___ of semen

-The prostatic secretion is a milky fluid that constains substances that help to enhance sperm ___

-urethra

-30%

-motility

The Bulbourethral Glands

-Pea-sized glands just inferior to the ___ ___

-Produce a ___ that enters the urethra prior to ejaculation

-The mucus ___ traces of acidic urine and ___ the passage of semen

- prostate glands

-mucus

-neutralizes

-lubricates

Uterine Cycle

- The menstrual cycle as it involves the ___

-Three phases:what happens in each phase?

1) menstrual phase ( days 1-5)

2)Proliferative phase (days 6-14)

3)Secretory Phase (days 15-28)

1) Statum functionalis is shed

2) the ryofunctionalis rebuilds

3) The endometrium prepares for implants of an emb