• What are the functions of the Urinary System?

Kidneys work to:

• Dispose of wastes (urea, uric acid, and creatinine) and excess ions
• Regulate the volume and chemical makeup of blood by maintaing the proper balance of water and salts, and acid and bases

kidneys

ureters

urinary bladder

urethra

Internal Gross Anatomy of the Kidneys:

2 Distinct Regions

• Cortex (sueprficial)

• Medulla (deep)

• Contists of masses called medullary pyramids (renal pyramids) which contain bundles of tiny urine-collecting tubules

Internal Gross Anatomy of the Kidneys:

Lobes

Internal Gross Anatomy of the Kidneys:

Renal Pelvis

Internal Gross Anatomy of the Kidneys:

Calices

Blood Supply of the Kidneys:

Renal Arteries

Blood Supply of the Kidneys:

Renal Veins

Microscopic Anatomy of the Kidneys:

Uriniferous Tubule

Microscopic Anatomy of the Kidneys:

Each uriniferous tubule consists of 2 major parts:

1)Nephron

2)Collecting Duct (Collecting tubule)

1)Urinforming structure

2)Involved in concentrating urine by removing water

Urine Production

The uriniferous tubule produces urine through three mechanisms:

Explain what each do

1) Filtration

2) Reabsorption

3)Secretion

1) A filtrate of the blood leaves the kidney capillaries and enters the nephron

2) Most of the nutrients, water, and essential ions are recovered from the filtrate and returned to the blood

-remaining wastes are added to urine

3) Active process in which additonal undesired molecules move into the tubule from the blood of capillaries

The Nephron

Renal corpuscle

- It is the __ part of the nephron

-Where ____  occurs

-Consists of a ___ (a collection of capillaries) surrounded by a _____ _____

- The glomerulus vessels secrete the ____ that becomes ____

-1st

-filtiration

-gomerulus

-glomerular capsule

-filtrate

-urine

The Nephron (cont.)

Tubular section

-Receives the filtrate from the ___ ____

- Composed of:

____ convoluted tubule

Loops of ___

____ convoluted tubule

-Involved with _____ and _____

-renal corpusucle

-proximal

-Henle

-distal

-reabsorption

-secretion

Classes of Nephrons

1)Cortical Nephrons

2)Juxtamedullary nephrons

1) -85% of all nephrons

-located almost entirely in ithe cortex

2)-Renal corpuscles lie near the renal corpuscles linear cortex

- Have loops of henle that deeply invade the medulla

Collecting Tubules

-Receive ___ from the nephrons

-Adjacent collecting tubules unite to form ____ ____ which empty into ____

-Cells participate in the ____ and ____ of ions

- Have an important role in conserving ____ (water)

-Urine

-Papillary ducts

- calices

-reabsorption, and secretion

-body fluids

Microscopic Blood Vessels Associated with Uriniferous Tubules

1)Glomeruli

Produce the ___ that becomes ___

2)Peritubular capillaries

- Cling closely to the ___ tubules

- Adapted for ____ of ____ and ____ from the filtrate

- ____ molecules into the urine

1) -filtrate

-urine

2) -convulted

-absorption

-solutes

-water

-secretes

Ureters

Slender tubes that carry urine from the ___ to the ___

Lined with ____ ET mucosa

-kidneys

-bladder

-transitional

Urinary bladder

- Muscular sac that ___ and expels ___

Three Layers: Name them

- stores, urine

1) Transitional ET mucosa

2) thick muscular layer (smooth muscle)

3)Fibrous adventitia

Urethra

-Thin-walled ___ that allows ___ to drain from the ___ out of the body

-Expulsion of urine (___) is controlled by the ___ ___ ___ (smooth muscle) and ____ ____ ___ (skeletal muscle)

- tube

-urine

-bladder

-micturition

-urethral sphincter

-external urethral sphincter