Term
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Definition
| first drugs shown to suppress immune function; MoA: bind to intracellular cortisol recepotr proteins & produce same effect as cortisol; affect concentration & distribution of leukocytes: PMNs increase; lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, & basophils decrease; Affect functions of leukocytes & tissue macrophages: reduce response to Ags, reduce production of cytokines & enzymes; Affect function of enzymes: inhibits phospholipase A, inhibits COX-2; Also cause vasoconstriction, inhibit complement, & reduce Ab production |
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Term
| Tissue Specific Side Effects of Corticosteroids |
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Definition
| adrenal atrophy, Cushing's Syndrome, dyslipidemia, changes in behavior, peptic ulcers, immunosuppression, bone necrosis, muscle atrophy, & osteoporosis |
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Term
| MoA of cyclophosphamide [Cytoxan] |
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Definition
| MoA: 1) alkylating agent, Signal 3 inhibitor; 2) non cell-cycle specific; 3) inhibits B & T cells |
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Term
| Toxicity of cyclophosphamide [Cytoxan] |
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Definition
| 1) nausea, vomiting; 2) bone marrow suppression; 3) aspermia |
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Term
| Indications for Use of cyclophosphamide [Cytotoxan] |
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Definition
| 1) Rheumatoid Arthritis; 2) leukemias & other tumors |
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Term
| MoA of azathioprine [Imuran] |
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Definition
| 1) antimetabolite, Signal 3 inhibitor; 2) cell-cycle specific; 3) inhibits T cells MORE than B cells |
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Term
| Indications for azathioprine [Imuran] |
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Definition
| 1) renal allotransplantation; 2) rheumatoid arthritis |
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Term
| Toxicities of azathioprine [Imuran] |
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Definition
| 1) nausea, vomiting; 2) bone marrow suppression; 3) infections |
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Term
| MoA of methotrexate [Folex] |
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Definition
| 1) antimetabolite, Signal 3 inhibitor; 2) cell-cycle specific; 3) inhibits B & T cells |
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Term
| Indications for methotrexate [Folex] |
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Definition
| 1) Crohn's Disease; 2) Rheumatoid Arthritis; 3) Leukemias & other tumors |
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Term
| Toxicities of methotrexate [Folex] |
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Definition
| 1) nausea, vomiting; 2) bone marrow suppression; 3) HEPATOTOXICITY |
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Term
| MoA of mycophenolate mofetil [Cellcept] |
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Definition
| 1) inhibition of synthesis of purine, Signal 3 inhibitor; 2) inhibits B & T cells |
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Term
| Indications for mycophenolate mofetil [Cellcept] |
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Definition
| 1) renal, liver, heart transplant rejection; 2) used with cyclosporine & corticosteroids |
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Term
| Toxicities of mycophenolate mofetil [Cellcept] |
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Definition
| 1) GI disturbances; 2) neutropenia; 3) infections |
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Term
| MoA: prednisone [Deltasone], methlyprednisolone [Medrol], dexamethasone [Decadron] |
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Definition
| 1) concentration, distribution, & fcn of peripheral leukocytes & macrophages; 2) inhibits phospholipase A2 & COX-2 enzymes |
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Term
| Toxicities of prednisone [Deltasone], methylprednisolone [Medrol], dexamethasone [Decadron] |
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Definition
| 1) Short period: no serious effects; 2) Long period: iatrogenic Cushing Syndrome, osteoporosis, infections, ulcers |
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Term
| MoA of cyclosporine [Sandimmune] |
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Definition
| 1) calcineurin phosphatase & Signal 1 inhibition; 2) T-cell suppression |
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Term
| Toxicities of cyclosporine [Sandimmune] |
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Definition
| 1) nephrotoxicity; 2) hypertension; 3) embryotoxic |
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Term
| MoA of muromonab-CD3 (Orthoclone OKT3) |
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Definition
| 1) CD3 receptor & Signal 1 inhibition; 2) T-cell suppression |
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Term
| Toxicities of muromonab-CD3 (Orthoclone OKT3) |
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Definition
| 1) fever & chills; 2) sensitivity for MURINE products |
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Term
| MoA of lymphocyte immune globulin (Atgam) |
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Definition
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Term
| Toxicities of lymphocyte immune globulin (Atgam) |
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Definition
| 1) fever & chills; 2) sensitivity for EQUINE serum |
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Term
| MoA of daclizumab [Zenepax] |
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Definition
| 1) IL-2 receptor & Signal 3 inhibitor |
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Term
| Toxicities of daclizumab [Zenepax] |
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Definition
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Term
| MoA of RHo Immune Globulin [RhoGam] |
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Definition
| suppresses immune response to Rh-negative individuals to Rh-positive blood cells |
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Term
| Indications for RHo Immune Globulin [RhoGam] |
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Definition
| used to treat Rh hemolytic disease of newborn (erythroblastosis fetalis) |
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Term
| Toxicities of RHo Immune Globulin [RhoGam] |
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Definition
| 1) mild effects; 2) contraindicated in Rh-positive patients |
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Term
| MoA of immune globulin [Gamimune] |
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Definition
| passive immunity increased; helps prevent certain infectious diseases in susceptible individuals |
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Term
| Indications for immune globulin [Gamimune] |
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Definition
| 1) hypogammaglobulinemia; 2) prevent infections in HIV-infected patients |
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Term
| Toxicities of immune globulin [Gamimune] |
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Definition
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Term
| MoA: of interferon beta [Betaseron] |
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Definition
| 1) antiviral & immunoregulatory activity; 2) not completely understood |
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Term
| MoA: of interferon gamma [Actimune] |
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Definition
| 1) phagocyte activating effects; 2) Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity |
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Term
| Indications for interferon beta [Betaseron] |
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Definition
| relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis |
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Term
| indications for interferon gamma [Actimune] |
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Definition
| 1) chronic granulomatous disease; 2) osteopetrosis |
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Term
| Toxicities of interferon beta [Betaseron] |
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Definition
| 1) flu-like symptoms; 2) depression, suicidal thoughts; 3) injection site reactions |
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Term
| Toxicities of interferon gamma [Actimune] |
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Definition
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Term
| Type I or Anaphylactic (Immediate) Hypersensitivity Rxn |
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Definition
| acute generalized rxn which occurs when a previously sensitized individual is re-exposed to a particular Ag; initial exposure results in production of specific IgE Abs; IgE is fixed to tissue mast cells & blood basophils; Upon re-exposure, these cells release histamine, leukotrienes; Antagonists to this type of rxn: prednisone, isoproterenol, epinephrine, theophylline |
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Term
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Definition
| Ex: Rho hemolytic disease in newborns, anemia from penicillin administration, agranulocytosis; MoA: Abs to tissue constituents or drug demonstrated, involves IgG & IgM Abs which activate complement; Main targets: cells in circulatory system; Treatment options: drug withdrawal, corticosteroids |
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Term
| Type III (Serum Sickness or Arthus) Rxns |
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Definition
| more common; involves IgG & IgM which generates drug-Ab complexes which deposit in BV walls resulting in activation of complement --> increases vascular permeability & neutrophils aggregate & induce hemorrhagic vasculitic lesion |
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Term
| Clinical Features of Serum Sickness |
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Definition
| urticarial skin eruptions, arthralgia or arthritis, lymphadenopathy, fever, lasts 6-12 days; Subside when offending drug is eliminated, corticosteroids may be useful to alleviate symptoms |
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Term
| Type IV (Cell-mediated, Delayed) Hypersensitivity Rxn |
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Definition
| mediated by sensitized T-cells & macrophages; i.e. contact dermititis caused by poison ivy; Treatment: corticosteroids (oral & topical) |
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