Term
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Definition
| Enduring trait behavior that born w/ so it's not easily changed; has to do w/ way perceive world, affected way think & behave - pattern |
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Term
| McCullogh's Criteria for Personality Disorders |
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Definition
| 5-7 years of considerable destructive distress, anti-social, no empathy |
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Term
| Personality Disorders Prevalence |
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Definition
| 0.5-2.5% US pop; inpatients: 10-30%; outpatients: 2-10% |
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Term
| Gender Issues in Diagnosis (Personality Disorders) |
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Definition
| Apparent in clinical situations, not in general population; more males: Antisocial PD, Paranoid PD & Narcissistic PD; more females: Borderline PD & Histrionic PD |
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Term
| Axis II Clusters Organization Overview |
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Definition
| A) Odd & eccentric behaviors: Paranoid, Schizoid & Schizotypal PDs; B) Dramatic, emotional, erratic: Antisocial, Borderline, Histrionic & Narcissistic PDs; C) Anxious, fearful: Avoidant, Dependent & Obsessive-Compulsive PDs |
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Term
| Personality Disorders Diagnosis Issues |
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Definition
| Categorical & dimensional - based on degree patient "matches" disorder prototype & proposed ratings based on dimensional scales which reduces reliability (Skodal & Bender); Comorbidity issues: if have PD in Cluster A may have another in A, Cluster B-->B, Cluster C-->A&B |
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Term
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Definition
| Aspect of personality concerned w/ emotional dispositions & reactions & their speed & intensity; often refers to prevailing mood or mood pattern of a person - enduring continuum |
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Term
| 4 Humors (Balance & Imbalance) |
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Definition
| Hippocrates (4th Century BCE) & Galen (190 CE); Choleric (blood): hot tempered; Sanguine (yellow bile): cheerful & optimistic; Phlegmatic (Phlegm): sluggish & apathetic; Melancholic (black bile): sad |
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Term
| 4 Humors Modified (Eysenck) |
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Definition
| Neuroticism (Limbic vs. Cortical control); Extraversion (Low Arousal); Stability (Cortical control vs. Limbic); Introversion (High CNS Arousal) |
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Term
| Big 5 (Variable Centered Proposed Ratings of Personality Disorders) |
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Definition
| Costa & McCray; 1. Oppenness vs. Imperceptive (flexibility); 2. Conscientious vs. Careless; 3. Extraversion vs. Introversion; 4. Agreeableness vs. Selfishness; 5. Neuroticism vs. Stability (changing) |
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Term
| Probable Solution to Diagnosis of Personality Disorders |
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Definition
| Interfacing personality traits w/ clinical prototype disorder categories for diagnosis in DSM-V; risk: diagnostic reliability is threatened by dimensional scaling (McCullough) |
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Term
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Definition
| Criteria: severe distrust, suspicion of others, reluctant to confide in others, bares grudges, "world is dangerous place" |
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Term
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Definition
| Criteria: pervasive history of detachment in interpersonal rels, nervous around others, constrictive emotional expression/attachment - little to none, withdrawn & detached, hostile-submissive; |
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Term
| Paranoid PD Etiology & Treatment |
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Definition
| Causes: genetic, psychological, cultural; begin w/ SOH (McCullough) |
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Term
| Schizoid PD Etiology & Treatment |
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Definition
| Causes: genetic, psychological, cultural; task-focused, problem-solving |
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Term
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Definition
| Criteria: severe social deficits & withdrawal - cut off from environment, severe cognitive & perceptual distortions, personal eccentricities: ideas of reference to self - everything conspiracy vs. self, odd beliefs/magical thinking - suspicious |
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Term
| Schizotypal PD Etiology & Treatment |
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Definition
| Causes: genetic, psychological (teased & bullied early on), cultural; multimodal - medication, social skills training in community setting, social support |
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Term
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Definition
| Criteria: social norm non-compliance (law breaking, lying, manipulative, aggressive), violation of rights of others (enduring pattern of disregard for safety of others), lacking conscience & empathy (impulsive, sensation seeking, reckless behavior, irresponsible); +18 years old diagnosed w/ Antisocial PD |
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Term
| "Conduct Disorder" (Antisocial PD) |
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Definition
| Adolescent up to 15 years old diagnosed |
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Term
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Definition
| Cleckley's list: superficial emotions, grandoise self-worth, need for stimulation - boredom anathema, pathological lying, manipulative, lack of remorse/guilt over hurting others |
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Term
| Antisocial PD Etiology & Treatment |
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Definition
| Causes: genetic (biological & neurological deficit: low IQ, under-arousal, need for thrill & stimulation), psychological (coping w/ stress), cultural (low SES --> increased incidence risk); no successful treatment that seems to last - parent training, prognosis is poor - "burn out" around 40 years old |
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Term
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Definition
| Criteria: history of instability in interpersonal rels - conflict, fear of abandonment, idealizing vs. devaluation - love then hate, mood instability - suicidal behavior, irritability & intense anger, chronic feelings of emptiness, dissociative symptoms, unstable self-image - cutting & mutilation; 80% of malpractice suits |
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Term
| Borderline PD Etiology & Treatment |
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Definition
| Causes: genetic (prevalent in family history & serotonin dysfunction) & psychological (view world as threatening, early trauma sensitizing person to threats); help cope w/ stress leading to suicidal behavior - chain analysis |
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Term
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Definition
| Criteria: overly dramatic - emotionally exaggerated & attention seeking, vain & sexually seductive - "all that matters is how things look", emotionally immature - naive, views rels as more intimate than they are |
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Term
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Definition
| Interpersonal discrimination training/feedback |
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Term
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Definition
| Criteria: grandiosity - egocentric "its all about me; I'm the greatest!", need for admiration, lack of empathy |
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Term
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Definition
| Criteria: extremely sensitive to opinions of others --> interpersonal avoidance & intense fear of rejection; want interpersonal rel, just afraid of it |
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Term
| Avoidant PD Etiology & Treatment |
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Definition
| Causes: Psychological - developmental problems, insulted, parents rejected, not very affectionate, emotionally isolated as child, early conflicts w/ adults; combat anxiety, social & assertive skill training |
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Term
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Definition
| Criteria: excessive need to be taken care of (do not assume responsibility, need nurturing support), difficulty making decisions (lack of self-confidence), fearful of disagreement, fearful of being left alone (helpless when alone) |
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Term
| Dependent PD Etiology & Treatment |
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Definition
| Causes: Psychological (learned submission, compliance, timidity, interpersonal passivity, abuse & neglect); teach how to take care of self & move towards independence (frequently w/o guilt) |
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Term
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Definition
| Criteria: orderliness, perfectionism, mental control, interpersonal control; rituals must be maintained at all costs - gets in way of interpersonal rels |
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