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Definition
| Thinking: Manipulating and transforming information itno memory |
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Term
| Psychologist's that study cognition? |
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Definition
Cognitive Psychologists
Cognitive Neuropsychologist |
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Term
| What is the major theme of cognition? |
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Definition
| Conservation of resources and energy (short-cuts) |
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Definition
| An internal picture that represents things or events |
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| Organization of Mental Images |
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Definition
| Speed, often less cumbersome than verbal |
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Definition
| Ideas that represent a group of smaller objects, events, ideas, or people. |
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Definition
1. Thinking and behaving in ways to reach a goal
2. Identify goal and steps needed to get there. |
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Definition
Try different ways until one finally works
(mechanical) |
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Definition
| Step by step procedures that guarentee a solution (can be labor intensive) |
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Definition
1. Speedier but more error prone
2. Educated guess based on past experience |
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Definition
| Solutions come suddenly and often different (AHA!! moment) |
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Definition
| Ability to combine ideas and behaviors in new ways- think outside the box! |
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Definition
| Tendency to search for information that supports what we already think and to ignore or distort information that contradicts our belief. |
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Definition
| Tend to approach problems from only one way but fail to see from new perspectives. (Slows down problem solving) |
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Definition
Tendency to think of things only in terms of usual functions
ex: "Mom, there's no body soap!" |
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Term
| Using and Misusing Heuristics |
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Definition
| Two generall helpful shortcuts can lead the smartest people into dumb decisions |
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Term
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Definition
Judging how likely something is by how well it represents the prototype
(Can help and hurt) |
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Term
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Definition
| The easier it is to think of an example, the more likely we are to think it will happen. |
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Term
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Definition
| We are often more confident when we are correct. We overestimate accuracy of our beliefs/judgements |
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Term
| The Belief Perseverance Phenomenon |
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Definition
| Tendency to cling o initial conceptions even after basis they were formed on has been discredited |
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Term
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Definition
| An effortless, immediate, automatic feeling or thought, as contrasted with explicit, conscious reasoning. |
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Term
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Definition
How an issue is posed can significantly affect decisions and judgements.
Ex: Burger content |
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Term
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Definition
| the capacity to understand the world, think rationally, and use resources effectively when faced with challenges |
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Term
| Intelligence over the years |
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Definition
-started early 1900's
-Nature vs. Nurture
-Single vs. Many
-Different Components
-Many theories about structure and components |
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Term
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Definition
| Ability to reason and solve problems |
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Term
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Definition
| Ability to excel in certain areas (music, art, business) |
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Term
| Crystallized Intelligence |
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Definition
| the accumulation of information, skills, and strategies that people have learned through experience and that they can apply in problem-solving situations |
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Term
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Definition
| reflects information-processing capabilities: reasoning and memory. |
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Definition
| Ability to break problems into parts and solve |
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Definition
| Combine ideas in new ways to solve problems |
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Term
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Definition
| Social skills as well as common sense |
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Term
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Definition
| A score that indicates how well you did on that particular intelligence test compared to other in your age group. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What does it mean if an IQ test is reliable? |
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Definition
Does the test give consistant results
(similar scores if taken twice?) |
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Term
| What does it mean if an IQ test is valid? |
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Definition
Are you measuring what you think you are measuring?
(It takes many tests and times) |
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Term
| Can you have validity without reliability? |
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Definition
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Term
| What IQ qualifies someone as gifted? |
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Definition
Well above average intelligence
(130+)
2% of population |
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Term
| What IQ qualifies someone as a genius? |
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Definition
140-150?
1 in 2,000 people |
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Term
| What criteria must be met to receive a diagnosis of Mental Retardation? |
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Definition
1. IQ <70
2.Deflicts in adaptive behavior
3. Before age 18 |
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Term
| How many people qualify for Mental Retardation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a Learning Disability? |
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Definition
Achievement significantly below expectations (based on IQ)
15-20 points below |
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Term
| How much of our IQ seems to be inherited? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do we know about some of the environmental contributors to intelligence? |
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Definition
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Term
| Are we getting smarter over time? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is it called to get smarter over time? |
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Definition
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Term
| What things are associated with IQ? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are some advantages of labeling people by their IQ scores? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some disadvantages of labeling people by their IQ scores? |
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Definition
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