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Exam #3
Journalism in the Community/Ethics/Law
30
Journalism
Undergraduate 1
05/03/2010

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Cards

Term
(citizens' rights and responsibilities): on truthfulness
Definition
How and why newspeople made their decisions should be transparent
Term
(citizens' rights and responsibilities): on loyalty to citizens
Definition
We should expect to see evidence that the material has been prepared for our use above all, stories should answer our needs as citizens and not just interests of the players and the political or economic system.
Term
(citizens' rights and responsibilities): on independence
Definition
We have a right to expect that the commentators, columnists, and journalists of opinion are serving the interests of citizens’ debate rather than the narrow interests of a faction or a predetermined outcome.
Term
citizens' rights and responsibilities): on monitoring power
Definition
We have a right to expect monitoring on the most important and difficult centers of power
Term
(citizens' rights and responsibilities): a public forum
Definition
We should expect our news providers to create several channels through which we may interact with them
Term
(citizens' rights and responsibilities): on proportionality and engagement
Definition
We have right to expect journalists to be aware of our basic dilemma as citizens: that we need for timely and deep knowledge of important issues and trends in our community, but we lack both the time and the means to access most of this crucial information
Term
how can citizens participate in practice?
Definition
- offer feedback
- withhold business
- participate in news production and delivery
Term
what are some types of citizen journalism?
Definition
- newsroom opens to public comments
- feedback and comments
- the citizen add-on reporter
- the citizen bloghouse
- the stand-alone citizen journalism sites
Term
what are guarantees of First Amendment?
Definition
- religion
- speech
- assembly
- petition the government for redress of grievances
Term
what are the three philosophical ideas that the First Amendment is based upon?
Definition
- self governance (Alexander Meiklejohn)
- autonomy/self-fulfillment (John Locke)
- marketplace of ideas (John Milton)
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Term
what is the hierarchy of speech?
Definition
- political speech receives highest level of protection
- commercial speech receives less protection
- obscene material, false advertising and fighting words are not protected
Term
what is content neutral?
Definition
- time, place and manner restrictions
- the government may be concerned with what i'm saying, but might have an interest in limiting when, how and where I can say it
Term
what are the 6 elements of libel?
Definition
- defamatory communication
- publication
- falsify
- identification
- harm
- fault
Term
what are a journalist's defense against libel?
Definition
- truth
- fair report
- neutral report
- opinion
- consent
- statute of limitations
- Anti-SLAPP statutes
Term
what is the value of free speech?
Definition
- discovery of truth
- the continuance of self-government
- a check on government power
- promotion of stable change
- individual fulfillment
Term
how to judge whether it is a First Amendment Issue?
Definition
1. is government action involved?
2. does the gov't action interfere activity that is predominantly expressive?
3. does my expression fall into the protected category of speech?
4. what level of protection does my speech enjoy?
Term
what are privacy torts?
Definition
- only apply to individual, not to business or corporations
- protects an individual's privacy, and punished those who violate the privacy of others and result in identifiable harm
- courts have to balance individual privacy of other interests
Term
someone's privacy has been invaded if any of the 4 things have happened:
Definition
1. disclosure of private facts
2. intrusion/trespassing
3. false light
4. appropriation
Term
what is the disclosure of private facts?
Definition
The publication of private information that would be highly offensive to a reasonable person and is not a matter of legitimate public concern
Term
what is intrusion/trespassing?
Definition
Intrusion is the highly offensive invasion of another person’s solitude, either physically or by use of technological devices
Term
what is false light?
Definition
False light invasion of privacy is the publication of highly offensive false information about an individual with actual malice, that is, knowing the information is false or with reckless disregard for whether it is true or false
Term
what is appropriation?
Definition
Appropriation is the use of another person’s name, likeness or image, without permission, for commercial gain
Term
how do journalists defend themselves against the privacy torts?
Definition
- Freedom of Information Act (1966): Sunshine laws
- Right to attend criminal trials
- Reporter's privilege/state shield laws
Term
what are the six philosophical obligations?
Definition
- fidelity
- gratitude
- justice
- beneficence
- noninjury
- self-improvement
Term
what are some business model experiments in journalism?
Definition
- day jobs
- crowd sourcing
- interested parties
- nonprofit foundations
- experts become journalists
- product placement and sponsorship
- news outlet is the business (vice versa)
Term
what is discovery of truth?
Definition
If people have no access to the truth or to information, then they have no way of judging error and thus, cannot make reasonable decisions
Term
what is the continuance of self-government?
Definition
People cannot govern themselves without understanding the issues
Term
what is a check on government power?
Definition
The media become a means through which the public can keep track of the three branches of government
Term
what is promotion of stable change?
Definition
Free speech allows those who disagree with policy to work for change without seeking a violent overthrow of government
Term
what is individual fulfillment?
Definition
Free speech encourages us to express ourselves and, thereby, enriches and enhances our lives
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