Term
| What's two differences between exponential growth model and logistic (Verhulst's) growth modle? |
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Definition
1. The logistic growth model is 'S' shaped while the exponential isn't.
2. Exponential - dN/dt = rN
Logistic- dN/dt = rN{(K-N)/K} |
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Term
| What are the three phases of Logistic growth? |
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Definition
1. Lag Phase - area where not much is happening
2. Exponential phase - rapid growth (b>d)
3. Equilibrium Phase - stationary growth (b=d) |
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Term
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Definition
| Theory that populations grow more slowly when they are smaller. |
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Term
| 4 Assumptions of Allee Effect. |
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Definition
1. Trouble Finding Mates
2. Minimum density required to activate sexual behaivor
3. Larger populatins aneliorate env. stress
4. Inbreeding depression |
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Term
| What are the 7 assumptions of the Logistic Growth Model? |
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Definition
1. r value (intrinsic rate of natural increase) is constant
2. All individuals are ecologically equivalent
3. Relationship between the rate of population increase per individual and the population density is linear
4. Depressive effects of density on pop. growth are instantaneous (no time lag)
5. No immigration or emmigration
6. K is constant
7. No deaths are due to abiotic factors |
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Term
| Purpose of Time Lag Model |
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Definition
| Helps assume that the reproductive rate at generation t depends on density no in the same generation but instead on the density in the last generation (t-1). |
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Term
| What is the purpose of Age-Based Population Growth Models? |
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Definition
| Fix the assumption that all individuals are ecologically equivalent |
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Term
| purpose of Stochastic Growth Model? |
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Definition
| allows for the possibility of random changes in births and deaths. Can calculate probability that species will become extinct. |
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Term
| List the 6 population growth models |
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Definition
1. Exponential
2. Logistic
3. Time-Lag
4. Age Based
5. Stage Based
6. Stochastic |
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Term
| What is the difference between interspecific competition and intraspecific competition? |
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Definition
Inter - between different species
intra - within same species |
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Term
| What is exploitative competition? |
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Definition
| where everyone has access to the same resources and who gets the most wins. Don't necessarily know the other exists |
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Term
| What is interference competition? |
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Definition
| Fight over resource to exclude everyone then consumes what they need. One individual directly excludes or harms the other. |
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Term
| what are resource utilization curves? |
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Definition
| resource gradient is on the (x) axis, while resource use is on the (y)axis. |
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Term
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Definition
| the role or profession of an organism in the environment; its activities and relationships in the community |
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Term
| what is the limiting similarity (alpha)? |
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Definition
| the overlap of resource utilization between species |
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Term
| What is niche separation? |
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Definition
| the process by which natural selection drives competing species into different patterns of resource use or different niches |
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Term
| Fundamental Niche vs. Realized Niche |
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Definition
| fundamental niche is the technical niche of a species while the realized niche is where the species actually exists due to competition. |
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Term
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Definition
| increase in pop. size - inc. in intra comp. - inc. in niche breadth - inc. in generalization |
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Term
| describe niche compression |
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Definition
| inc. in pop. size of multiple species - inc. in inter comp. - decrease in niche breadth - inc. specialization |
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Term
| Purpose of Lotka Voltera Competition Models |
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Definition
| looks at competition due to changes in population size. |
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Term
| What are the zero growth isoclines for the LV Model? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1. Coexistance
2. Extinction species 1
3. Extinction species 2
4. Unstable (priority effect) |
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Term
| what is gause's principle? |
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Definition
if two species are in one place competing for the same resource one will always drive the other to extinction in the area (C, C, C, C)
Complete Competitors Cannot Coexist |
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Term
| Difference between Tillman Model and Lotka Voltera Model |
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Definition
| Tillman's is based on resource use and Lotka Volterra is based on change in pop. size |
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Term
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Definition
| High Density - resource competition; organisms that exist near carrying capacity for most of the year. These expirience more intra and inter specific competition causing them to use resources more efficiently |
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Term
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Definition
| Low Density - colonization and growth; Organisms that don't exist around the carry capacity but often are in the exponential growth phase. These rarely suffer from interspecific comp. therefore develop no mechanisms to be able to compete. |
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Term
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Definition
| High Density - interference mechanisms; organisms that have evolved a trait that prevents the competitor form gaining access to a resource |
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Term
| Grimes' R, C, and S (Draw Chart) |
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Definition
| C- competitive, S- stress resistant strategies, R- ruderal "out of debris" |
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Term
| Difference b/w absolute density and ecological density? |
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Definition
| absolute density is the number of individuals per area while ecological density is the number of individuals per habital area |
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Term
| Difference b/w correlation and regression? |
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Definition
| Correlation quantifies the degree to which two variables are related. Correlation does not find a best-fit line. Correlation is almost always used when you measure both variables. |
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Term
| Difference between basal area, foliage coverage, and relative coverage |
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Definition
basal area - dbh
foliage coverage -
relative coverage - |
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Term
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Definition
| a measure that describes or characterizes an entire population of data |
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Term
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Definition
| descriptive measure derived from the data |
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Term
| Difference between accuracy and precision? |
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Definition
| accuracy is how close you come to getting the right answer while precision is how close your measurements are to each other. |
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Term
| What is the difference between parametric and non parametric testing? |
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Definition
| Both are statistical testing procedures while parametric tests depend on assumptions such as normality or equality of variance while non-parametric testing does not. |
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Term
| What is the difference between the Eltonian Niche and the Hutchinson Niche. |
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Definition
| The Eltonian Niche is just simply the role that a species plays in its community. The Hutchinson Niche is much more complex with multi-dimensions to include the species interactions with abiotic factors, biotic factors, relationships, and behaivors. |
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Term
| What is the difference in phase plane and time series? |
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Definition
| Time series have the population size on the (y) axis and time on the (x) axis. Phase plane plots are the plotted numbers of species 1 and species 2 at a given time. |
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Term
| why is gause's principle often violated in nature? |
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Definition
1. Resource Partitioning (habitat, diet, temporal)
2.Environmental variability
3. keystone predator |
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Term
| difference in basal area, foilage coverage, and absolute coverage |
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Definition
| basal is dbh, Foilage is estimated from crown of tree, absolute is the coverage relative to that of all the same species of trees in area |
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