Term
| Model for Evaluating Treatment Paradigms |
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Definition
| what's the problem? --> ways to fix --> outcome: problem solved; pulls down intensity of Manic reaction & pulls up depression reaction to normal level |
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Term
| Medication Model of Treatment |
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Definition
| pre-post synaptic imbalance --> agonist affect increase & reuptake blockers decrease --> balance restored |
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Term
| Tricyclic Antidepressants (Medical Treatment) |
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Definition
| blocks neurotransmitter from stopping electrical processes; oldest antidepressants: norepineprine & serotonin; most commonly prescribed: Zoloft, Trofranil, Pamelor |
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Term
| Tricyclic Antidepressants Adverse Effects |
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Definition
| dry mouth, headaches, blurred vision, motor-skill difficulty, alcohol intake interacts w/ drug |
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Term
| Tricyclic Antidepressants Positive Effects |
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Definition
| effects experienced within 10-14 days in term of mood: less depressed & less hopeless |
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Term
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Definition
| start w/ lowest dose of a drug possible then increase, but stay within range of doses which are effective without being harmful |
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Term
| Monoamine Oxidase (MAO) Inhibitors |
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Definition
| blocks enzyme that increases norepineprine & serotonin |
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Term
| Monoamine Oxidase Adverse Effects |
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Definition
| same as Tricyclic, only intake becomes dangerous when taking w/ food (cheese, wine, & beer) - increases blood pressure since food contains Tyramine; most commonly prescribed: Phenelzine (Nardil) & Parnate (Tranylcypromine) |
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Term
| Serotonin-Specific Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) |
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Definition
| blocks pre-synaptic uptake; prescribed mostly for Depression, OCD, & Anxiety Disorders; most commonly prescribed: Zoloft, Prozac & Celexa |
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Term
| Serotonin-Specific Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) Adverse Effects |
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Definition
| monitor thoughts of suicide - increase energy so while currently depressed, now have energy to carry out plans of suicide |
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Term
| St John's Wort (Hypericum) |
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Definition
| OTC herb, impacts serotonin but not more effective than placebo; short-lived 1 month response, but after that, patient gets worse |
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Term
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Definition
| natural salt; mood stabilizer used for treating Bipolar Disorder, prevents Mania recurrance in 60% if maintenance treatment adhered to; impacts neurotransmitters & neurohormones --> sodium/potassium electrolytes in bodily fluids |
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Term
| Lithium Carbonate Adverse Effects |
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Definition
| dosage must be carefully regulated to prevent poisoning & lower thyroid functioning; lack of energy |
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Term
| Electroconvulsive Shock (ECT) |
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Definition
| run electrical current to brain & causes seizure; only use in case of extreme Depression/Schizophrenia; do not administer to people age < 21 since brain not fully developed until then |
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Term
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Definition
| children do not respond to treatments like adults; men & women have different response rates too; age > 65 gets 1/2 regular dose |
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Term
| Cognitive-Behavior Treatment (CBT) |
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Definition
| B = f(PxE) 20 sessions; negative thinking --> recognize & correct thinking errors --> thinking errors corrected; thinking directly effects behavior --> emotional consequences; test thinking w/ real-world analysis |
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Term
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Definition
| 1 incident = all possible effects; never succeed; correction gives patient stronger anchor on reality & better self-esteem |
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Term
| Neil Jacobson's Activation Treatment |
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Definition
| B = f(P); focuses on behavior & activity levels; keep focus on self & things do to lift spirit & make happy; emotions anchored to what going on in life; decreased activity - lowered self-concept & depression --> increase activity levels --> increase self-concept & decrease depression |
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Term
| Klerman's Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT) |
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Definition
| B = f(P-->E); teaching coping strategies to patients who experienced grief, role disputes, power struggles, role transitions/promotions, & social defects; interpersonal & cognitive-behavioral treatment are best; interpersonal role disruptions --> repair disruptions --> role competence & depression decreases |
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Term
| McCullough's Cognitive-Behavioral Analysis System of Psychotherapy |
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Definition
| interpersonal model for treating Chronic Depression; developmental disruption & interpersonal fear-avoidance --> repair disruption (replace interpersonal fear-avoidance; replace w/ interpersonal approach behaviors) --> decrease depression |
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Term
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Definition
| when developing children are overwhelmed by the dangers of an abusive or neglectful home life, normal growth is thwarted since their energy & behavior are directed towards surviving the "hell of the family," not growth; early-onset chronically depressed patients are present w/ pervasive interpersonal fear of others - fear conjoined w/ generalized interpersonal avoidance pattern maintains the preoperational, intra-personal functioning |
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Term
| Disciplined Personal Involvement |
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Definition
| patient feels like everyone out to hurt, abuse, & use them --> must correct this thinking - can't change this by logic so must use alternative psychotherapy treatment, present w/ new relationship that is the opposite of what patient used to |
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Term
| Disciplined Personal Involvement Issues |
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Definition
| therapists accused of malpractice for using this treatment on Chronic Depression patients - open to harm from criminal practioners --> McCullough book on this model of treatment |
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Term
| Growth/Maturation Retardation in Adults |
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Definition
| cognitive functioning level like a child's; failed to mature cognitively & emotionally - evident in way adult patients talk & behave |
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Term
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Definition
| total self-focus; "others can't deal w/ me & so they hate me; bet you would rather be w/ anyone than me" |
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Term
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Definition
| talks "at" others, not "with" others; talks to self as if no audience - keeps going on w/o pausing for other's input |
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Term
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Definition
| lack of causal/logical reasoning - logic has no effect on behavior, assume things about people w/o having evidence to back up assumptions |
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Term
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Definition
| lack of "focusing" capability; cannot problem solve |
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Term
| CBASP Chronic Depression Study |
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Definition
| results: therapy only treatment - condition improves at much lower rate than drug only, catches up around week 8 of treatment; therapy + drugs = best treatment; 22% survived treatment regimen of drug only w/o remission; have to teach people how to manage & practice what learned throughout rest of life |
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Term
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Definition
| anger turned inward, act of killing self intentionally |
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Term
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Definition
| thought about suicide & try potentially self-injurious behavior w/ nonfatal outcome |
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Term
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Definition
| fleeting thought about suicide - may be as detailed as formulated plan w/o suicidal act itself |
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Term
| Probability Continuum of Suicide |
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Definition
| fleeting thought --> thinking about how to do it --> formal plan in place (how, when & where) |
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Term
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Definition
| always take "threat" seriously; encourage individual to get help |
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Term
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Definition
| disaster; receive effects of rage/anger |
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Term
| Durkheim Types of Suicide |
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Definition
| social pressures: formalized (hara kiri), altruistic (dishonor on family), egoistic (lacks social support), anomic (life disruptions), fatalistic (loss of control of own destiny) |
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Term
| Schneidman's Suicide Risk Factors |
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Definition
| family history, neurobiology, existing psychological disorders, severe stressful life events --> where experience is predominantly shame, humiliation or failure |
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Term
| Freud's Consequences/Effects of Suicide |
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Definition
| everyone feels guilt - didn't pay enough attention or love suicidal one enough "who cares? no one!"; suicidal thoughts & behavior = function of P x E; therapist has to make patient see that there are interpersonal consequences - think about how own death will effect you, your life & receive rage "why would you want to hurt me like that by taking your life" |
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Term
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Definition
| alcohol dependence, severe panic attacks, extreme insomnia |
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