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Definition
| Type A drug toxicity. Dose-dependent, predictible, related to normal drug effects. Overdose leads to hepatic failure. Normally, 90 percent of the drug is detoxified via glucoronidation and sulfation. Minor metoblism through P450 2E1 leads to a toxic intermediate, which is detoxified by glutathione (GSH). At high doses, GSH is overwhelmed, leading to toxicity. Treatment: Ac-cys, which restores GSH. Also: P450 2E1 induced by chronic alcoholism = bad. |
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Definition
| Type C drug toxicity. Withdrawl after long term use can be life-threatening. ALSO: chronic alcoholism induces P450 2E1, leading to increased Acetominophen toxicity. |
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Definition
| General anesthetic. Activated by P450 2E1 in liver, acts as a haptane, elicits formation of antibodies to liver tissue. Centrilobular necrosis results, which can be fatal. |
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Definition
| P450 2D6 normally converts coedine into morphine (the active drug). However, 10 percent of the population is deficient in this enzyme, thus, coedine doesn't work for these ppl bc its never converted into morphine. |
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Definition
| = Steptomycin, neomycin...all the "mycins". Can cause ototoxicity and auditory and vestibular damage. The drugs are concentrated in perilymph and endolymph, where they have 6 times the half life in blood. Lead to sensory cell death. Also: some bacteria can inactivate aminoglycosides as a form of resistance. Also: can accumulate in kidney and cause nephrotoxicity. |
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Definition
| Antifungal drug. Can accumulate in the kidneys and cause particularly severe nephrotoxicity. The kidney tubules concentrate drugs in the lumen 100x. Actualy toxicity requires transport of drug into tubule cell (esp PT). |
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Definition
| Used to treat cancer, but the does is limited by its Cardiotoxicity. Can cause reversible EKG changes and arrythmias followed by severe conduction probs and heart failure. |
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Definition
| Anti-tumor drug, dose is limited by its Pulmonary toxicity. |
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