Term
| Particulate Theory of Inheritance |
|
Definition
| genetic determinants behave like unaltered particles as they are passed from parent to offspring (no blending mechanism of heredity and no intermediate characteristics) There are dominant and recessive traits. Monohybrid crosses. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| genes exist in two or more alleles and the alleles segregate from each other during gamete formation. A 3:1 phenotypic ratio is observed in the F2 generation. Parental generation is homozygous (identical alleles for each gene) and F1 plants are heterozygous (nonidentical alleles for each gene) Assortment of alleles of the SAME gene. Single factor crosses.The segregation of homologues during meiosis supports law of segregation. |
|
|
Term
| Law of Independent assortment |
|
Definition
| the assortment of DIFFERENT genes during gamete formation. allele pairs separate independently during the formation of gametes. law of independent assortment can be explained by random alignment of bivalents during metaphase of meiosis I. |
|
|
Term
| Punnett square to solve independent assortment problems |
|
Definition
| Each haploid gamete is listed across the top and side of the Punnett square contains one allele from each gene. If F1 plants are crossed to each other, F2 generation is 9:3:3:1. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| all sons will inherit disease from unaffected mother. Hemophilia is X-linked recessive. The mother is heterozygous. He is hemizygous with the hemophilia allele. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| affected individuals will have inherited the gene from at least one affected parent |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| all the offspring of two affected individuals will be affected. Two heterozygous normal individuals will have 1/4 affected offspring on average. the affected offspring have unaffected parents. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| one copy of the gene is sufficient to cause the disease. all the daughters of an affected father will have the disease but none of the sons unless the mother is also affected. The mother of an affected son is also affected but not vice versa. |
|
|
Term
| Product rule/Sum rule/Binomial Expansion/Chi-square analysis |
|
Definition
| Predicts independent events occurring in a particular order/the sum of the individual probabilities of 2 or more mutually exclusive events/the # of offspring not in a specific order/To determine if the observed and expected data are significantly different with hypothesis that genes are linked and assort independently |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Produces 2 diploid cells containing 10 chromosomes each-2 complete sets./4 haploid cells containing 5 chromosomes each-1 complete set. |
|
|
Term
| Chromosome theory of inheritance |
|
Definition
| Relates the behavior of chromosomes with the mendelian inheritance of traits. X-linked inheritance and sex chromosomes provide evidence.The theory that chromosomes are linear sequences of genes. The unifying theory stating that inheritance patterns may be generally explained by assuming that genes are located in specific sites on chromosomes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The members of a chromosome pair that usually are the same size and carry the same types and order of genes. The genes they carry may be different alleles. |
|
|
Term
| Different patterns of gender determination via sex chromosomes |
|
Definition
| X-Y system in mammals; X-O system in certain insects; Z-W system in birds; haploid-diploid system in bees |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A set of 2 crosses that differ with regard to traits and genders of the parents. Sex-linked traits often yield different results. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the single copy of an X-linked gene in a male |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| genes that are found on one of the two types of sex chromosomes, but not both. X-linked genes are common and only a few Y-linked genes are known. |
|
|
Term
| Pseudoautosomal inheritance |
|
Definition
| X and Y chromosomes contain short regions of homology where they carry the same genes. thus, these genes have the same inheritance pattern as those located on autosomes even though they are located on the sex chromosomes. the Mic2 is an example of genes found on both the X and Y chromosomes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a photographic representation of all the chromosomes within a cell showing that humans are diploid |
|
|
