Term
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Definition
| Study of human origins and differences |
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Term
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Definition
| Compares humans to other species and their biological development |
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Term
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Definition
| Focuses on how cultures exist, survive and thrive |
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Term
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Definition
| Descent with modification |
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Term
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Definition
| Organisms that can adapt to their environment will survive (Blue and Red beetles) |
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Term
| 4 Characteristics of Natural Selection |
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Definition
| Variation, Inheritance, Selection, Time |
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Term
| Variation (Natural Selection) |
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Definition
| All life varies genetically with population |
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Term
| Inheritance (Natural Selection) |
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Definition
| Genetic traits are passed down |
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Term
| Selection (Natural Selection) |
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Definition
| Those with specific traits survive |
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Term
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Definition
| It takes time for this to happen |
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Term
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Definition
Bipedalism,
Exploitation of Terrestrial Habits,
Meat Consumption
Larger Brains
Motor Skills |
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Term
| Bipedalism (5 trends of Evolution) |
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Definition
| Easier access to food, Able to use hands, Regulates temperature, Attracts mates |
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Term
| Exploitation of Terrestrial Habits (5 trends of Evolution) |
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Definition
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Term
| Meat Consumption (5 trends of Evolution) |
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Definition
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Term
| Enlarged Brains (5 trends of Evolution) |
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Definition
| Caused by meat consumption and allowed more complex thinking |
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Term
| Motor Skills (5 trends of Evolution) |
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Definition
| We were able to make tools and weapons and live longer |
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Term
| What is the effect of Bipedalism on Child Birth |
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Definition
| Due to Bipedalism, Women`s hips shrunk and with babies having enlarged brains due to more meat consumption, child birth would be harder. So babies now come out 3 months earlier because 12 month old baby cant fit. |
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Term
| What is the goal of cultural Anthropology |
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Definition
| Promote Cultural Relativism and tries to prevent Ethnocentricism |
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Term
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Definition
| Believing one's culture is better than others and judges them based on their own culture. Seeing other cultures as wrong/ less superior to their own. s |
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Term
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Definition
| Principle that a person's beliefs and activities make sense in their own culture. "Everything is relative, nothing is right/wrong" |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Jacques Boucher de Crevecoeur |
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Definition
| Found stones shaped into tools and weapons |
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Term
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Definition
"Great Apes"
- Bipedal
- 98% Identical to common chimps
- Any human like species |
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Term
| When was the Sadeianthropus tchandensis alive? |
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Definition
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Term
| AustralopitheCINE ANAmensis |
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Definition
| - spent less time in trees |
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Term
| AustralioitheCUS AFArensis |
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Definition
- "Lucy Monkey"
- Laetoli footprint
- Human like teeth, leg, and pelvic bone |
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Term
| Australopithecine Africanus |
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Definition
| - Large brain, Smaller canines |
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Term
| Paranthropas Boisei/ Robustus |
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Definition
| - Didnt lead to homo group |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- African Homo erectus
- Descents Homo heidelbergensis and Homo neanderthalensis
- Didn't leave africa
- First to use human voice (Moan/ Groan) |
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Term
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Definition
- "Peaking Man"
- First ancestor to walk fully upright
- 1st to leave Africa
- Began making complex tools
- Began using fire
- Descendants: Humans and Neanderthalensis |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Homo Sapiens Neanderthalensis |
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Definition
- 12% Larger Brains
- Large Bodies
- Closest extinct relative |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- "Wise men"
- Only living homo
- Killed off all other homo
- Generalized diet |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Classical Conditioning (Pavlov) |
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Definition
- Way of learning where stimulus gains power to cause a response
- Learning by assosciation |
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Term
| Unconditioned Stimulus (Food) |
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Definition
| - Naturally triggers a response, the normal object that triggers UCR |
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Term
| Unconditioned Response (Salvating) |
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Definition
| - The unlearned response that occurs in reaction to the unconditioned stimulus |
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Term
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Definition
| - Stimulus which initially produces no specific response |
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Term
| Conditioned Stimulus (Bell) |
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Definition
| - Neutral Stimulus that eventually causes a Conditioned Response |
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Term
| Conditioned Response (Salvating) |
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Definition
| - Learned response to the previously neutral stimulus |
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Term
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Definition
- Leaning a behaviour depends on consequence that follows
Frequency Increases if behaviour is encouraged and decreases if behaviour is not encouraged |
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Term
| *Classical Conditioning is involuntary whereas Operant teaches you how to do it* |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Increasing likelyhood of a behaviour by adding something ($10 for and A+) |
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Term
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Definition
| Increasing likelyhood of a behaviour by removing something undesirable. (Don't have to do dishes because of A+) |
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Term
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Definition
| Decreasing likelyhood of a behaviour by adding something (Parking ticket for reckless driving) |
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Term
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Definition
| Decreasing likelyhood of a behaviou by removing something away from you. (Taking away freedom when you kill someone) |
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Term
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Definition
| Partial reinforcement schedule that occurs regularly over a period of time (Weekly Quiz) |
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Term
| Variable - Interval Schedule |
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Definition
| Partial reinforcement schedule that rewards behaviour after an unknown time (Pop quiz) |
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Term
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Definition
| Reward after a defined number of responses (Dog sit 10 times and earns a treat.) |
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Term
| Variable - Ratio Schedule |
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Definition
| Reinforcement that with unpredictable responses react. (Teach dog to sit, and random times earns treats) |
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Term
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Definition
- People suffer from unconscious and conscious conflicts
-Based on Freud's beliefs where unlocking unconscious mind is key to understanding behaviour |
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Term
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Definition
- Need first hand experience/ evidence
- Obtained through experimentation so the researchers and able to understand and change behaviour |
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Term
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Definition
| - Individual should be involved in their own recovery |
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Term
| Cognitive (Bobodoll & Violent Children) |
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Definition
- Focuses on how brain works/ learns
- Unlike behavioural, cognitive takes beliefs, motivations and desires into accoound |
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Term
| Developmental: From womb to tomb (Piaget) |
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Definition
- Studies Human development
- Attempts to explain how we as humans change and what we can expect |
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Term
| Defense Mechanisms (Anna freud) |
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Definition
Unconscious mental process that prevents conscious person from anxiety
(Intentionally forgetting about a failed test) |
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Term
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Definition
Pushing a feeling or experience into the unconscious
- Involves conscious desire to forget, repression happens subconsciously |
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Term
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Definition
Diverting emotional feelings from original source to a substitute target
(Getting a bad grade and making fun of someone) |
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Term
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Definition
Person who refuses to accept reality
- Mechanism of immature mind
- Conflicts with ability to learn and cope w/ reality
(Addict not believing they're addicted) |
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Term
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Definition
| Person explains their actions to reduce anxiety |
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Term
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Definition
| Characteristic patterns of thinking, feeling and acting. |
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Term
| 4 Perspective of Personality |
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Definition
| Psychoanalytic, Trait, Humanistic, Social Cognitive. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Specific dimensions of personality |
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Term
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Definition
| Inner capacity for growth |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What does Freud say about pleasure? |
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Definition
| "Pleasure arises from conflict between aggressive, pleasure seeking impulses and social restraints" |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| People's characteristic behaviour and conscious motives |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Imaginative/Practical
Independent/ Comforting |
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Term
| Conscientiousness (O.C.E.A.N) |
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Definition
Organized/ Disorganized
Careful/ Careless |
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Term
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Definition
Sociable/ Retiring
Fun- Loving/ Sober |
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Term
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Definition
Soft-Hearted/ Ruthless
Trusting/ Suspicious |
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Term
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Definition
Calm/ Anxious
Secure/ Insecure |
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Term
| Maslow's 5 Hierachy of Needs (Lowest to Highest) |
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Definition
- Physiological (Basic Needs)
- Safety (How safe you feel)
- Love and Belonging
- Self Esteem
- Self Actualization |
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Term
| Roger's Central Perspective |
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Definition
| Believes people are good if given the right environment. |
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Term
| Social Cognitive Perspective |
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Definition
| Behaviour is learned through conditioning, observation and what you think. |
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Term
| Internal Locus of control |
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Definition
| Belief where you control your own destiny |
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Term
| External Locus of control |
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Definition
| Belief where luck, fate and others control your destiny |
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Term
| Outcomes of Personal Control |
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Definition
| Uncontrollable bad events >> Perceived Lack of control >> Generalized helpless behaviour |
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Term
|
Definition
- Right after falling asleep
- Slow rolling of eyes |
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Term
|
Definition
- Brain waves shift to high amplitude
- Eyes roll from side to side
- Most of your sleep |
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Term
|
Definition
- Delta waves sweep through brain
- Eye movement activity is not present |
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Term
|
Definition
- Deepest sleep stage
- Sleep temors and sleep walking occurs
- Rapid eye movement may occur |
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Term
| What happens after stage 4 of sleep? |
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Definition
| We resurface through all 4 stages and return to stage 1, during these periods of resurfacing we dream. |
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Term
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Definition
| Manifest content and Latent content |
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Term
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Definition
| Actual storyling you remember |
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Term
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Definition
| What Manifest Content symbolized |
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Term
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Definition
| Where we are paying attention at the moment |
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Term
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Definition
- Includes things we are aware about but we are not paying attention to.
- Can be brought back if needed |
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Term
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Definition
| - Thinks and acts independently |
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Term
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Definition
- Part of Unconscious
- Present at brain
- Pleasure seeking principle of mind |
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Term
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Definition
- Part of Unconscious
- Provides appropriate responses to negate impulses of ego
- Your conscience and rules of society |
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Term
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Definition
- Conscious part of mind
- Acts as referee between ID and Superego |
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Term
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Definition
| Studies development and structure of human society and how it works |
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Term
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Definition
Role we play in a specific institution
- Status changes based on where you are |
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Term
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Definition
Raking system in an environment
- As role changes, position in society could as well |
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Term
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Definition
| Society carries with it a system of values. Each role has a given responsibility |
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Term
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Definition
| Set of rules for a particular role that are considered normal |
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Term
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Definition
Any behaviour that is different from the societal norm.
- Society doesn't accept it |
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Term
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Definition
Developed by cultures based on their system of values
- Dependent on place |
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Term
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Definition
Trying to reeducate people and make them become better
- Grow to accept society's norms and value |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- Comparing society to a human body
- Society works in a logical manner and protects the interests
- Macro Analysis
(If all parts of a body works, it functions well.. like society) |
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Term
|
Definition
- Study the social patterns and structures that develop as people
- Compete for scarce resources which create social classes
- Upper class has power which suppresses lower class
- Revolution not evolution
- Macro analysis |
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Term
| Symbolic Interactionalism |
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Definition
- We act towards people and things on the basis of the meaning we assign to them.
- Society is defined by the individual through their interaction therefore everything is relative
- Micro Analysis |
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Term
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Definition
| biological status and it typically categorized as male, female, or intersex |
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Term
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Definition
| Attributes, feelings, and behaviours that a given culture associates with a person's biological sex |
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Term
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Definition
| referring of oneself as a male, female or transgender. |
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Term
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Definition
| Sex of those to whom one is sexually and romantically attached |
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Term
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Definition
| Process which one acknowledges and accepts one's own sexual orientation |
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Term
| How humans learn to speak |
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Definition
| Larnyx, hyoid bone, jaw muscle, brain's complexity. |
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Term
| What 2 components make language? |
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Definition
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Term
| What did Chomsky say about language? |
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Definition
| "Our brains are pre-programmed to learn language. |
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Term
| Who believed classical conditioning taught language? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who believed reinforcement taught language? |
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Definition
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Term
| What percentage of communication is non verbal? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| non standard use of words in a language of a particular social group. |
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Term
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Definition
- Shorter
- Provides specific reference than a mainstream vocab
- Reinforces group solidarity |
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Term
| Freud's 5 Psychosexual stages |
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Definition
| Oral Stage, Anal Stage, Phallic Stage, Latency Stage, Genital Stage. |
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Term
| Oral Stage (0 - 18 months/ 2 years) (Freud) |
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Definition
- Babies seek pleasure through mouths
- Person fixated could be a smoker. |
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Term
| Anal Stage (18 months - 3 years)(Freud) |
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Definition
- Develops during toilet training
- Libido is focused on controlling waste & expelling waste
- Person fixated may become overly controlling/ out of control. |
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Term
| Phallic Stage (3 - 7 years)(Freud) |
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Definition
- Children first recognize gender
- Causes conflict in family with Oedipus and Electra complex.
- Fixation can lead to cause later problem in relationship. |
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Term
| Latency Stage (7 - 11 years)(Freud) |
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Definition
- Libido is hidden
- 'Cooties'
- Fixation can lead to sexual issues |
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Term
| Genital Stage (12 - Death)(Freud) |
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Definition
- Libido is focused on their genital
- Fixation in this stage is normal |
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Term
| Trust vs Mistrust (0 - 1 years) (Erik Erikson) |
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Definition
| - Children determine who they trust and mistrust for the rest of their lives. |
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Term
| Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt (1 - 3 years) (Erik Erikson) |
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Definition
- All about control
- Control bodies (toilet)
- Control people (saying NO!)
- They either learn control or doubt themselves |
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Term
| Initiative vs. Guilt (Erik Erikson) |
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Definition
- Fav question: why
- Want to understand the world and ask questions
- Curiosity is encourages/ scolded |
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Term
| Industry vs. Inferiority (Erik Erikson) |
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Definition
- Start school: evaluated by peers & school
- Feeling good and bad about accomplishment |
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Term
| Identity vs. Role Confusion (12 - 19 years) (Erik Erikson) |
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Definition
- Teenage years (try to understand roles)
- Ask who am I?
- May develop identity crisis |
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Term
| Intimacy vs. Isolation (20 - 25)(Erik Erikson) |
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Definition
- Balance work and relationships.
- Struggle to form close relationships |
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Term
| Generativity vs. Stagnation (26 - 64 years) (Erik Erikson) |
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Definition
- Re-evaluating goals/ purpose/ happiness
- Mid-life crisis |
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Term
| Integrity vs. Despair (65 -?)(Erik Erikson) |
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Definition
- Reflect to life
- Contemplate meaningful success, failures, reflect |
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Term
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Definition
| Ways we interpret the world around us (Picture in our head) |
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Term
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Definition
| Fitting new experiences into the world you have. |
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Term
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Definition
| Changing existing schema to adopt new information |
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Term
| Sensory Stage (0 - 2 years)(Jean Piaget) |
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Definition
| - Experience world through senses |
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Term
| Pre-operational Stage (2 - 6 years)(Jean Piaget) |
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Definition
- Develops language, symbol use, memory and imagination
- Non logical thinking
- Does not understand conservation
- Believe they are center of world. |
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Term
| Concrete Operational Stage (7 - 11 years) (Jean Piaget) |
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Definition
- Develops logic
- Understand symbol use
- Demonstrates conservation |
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Term
| Formation Operational Stage (12 - adult) |
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Definition
- Develops abstract reasoning
- Trial & error
- Not all adults reach this stage |
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Term
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Definition
| Your mind and body`s response or reaction to a real or imagines threat, event or change |
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Term
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Definition
Something that gives you stress
- It can be internal thoughts, beliefs, attitudes, tragedy etc |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Parent impose rules & expect obedience |
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Term
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Definition
| Parent submit to child`s demands |
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Term
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Definition
| Demanding but responsive to their children. |
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Term
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Definition
| Mental illness was a result of evil spirits. |
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Term
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Definition
| Drilling a hole through the skull to allow spirits to escape |
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Term
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Definition
| Mentally ill people were possessed by witches, spirits or werewolves. |
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Term
|
Definition
- mental institutions and asylums
- Bethlem was 1st insane asylum
- Focus on keeping ill people away from society |
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Term
|
Definition
| When nerve fibres in brain are cut and person is basically left braindead |
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Term
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Definition
- Medication and theraphy used to treat mental illness
- Most people able to become productive members of society |
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Term
| ....... MEMTAL ILLNESS SHEET...... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Process by which an individual will alter or change his/her behaviour to meet the expectation of a group |
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Term
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Definition
| Process by which an individual will alter or change his/her behaviour to meet the expectation of a authority figure |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Conformity (Prison Guard) |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Publically agreeing yet internally disagreeing |
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Term
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Definition
| Conformity to be in a better position is the person you identify with (Father) |
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Term
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Definition
| Motivated by the desire to be right so conforming because the person is perceived to be right |
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Term
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Definition
| Two or more people connected by social relationship |
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Term
| Characteristics of a group |
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Definition
1)Interact regularly
2)Shared Identity
3)Structure - formal/ informal.
4)Members shared values, behaviours, goals |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
- Small
- Emotionally close
- Codependent |
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Term
|
Definition
- Larger
- Impersonal
- Members contribute to a common goal |
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Term
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Definition
- Impersonal
- Member interaction is not governed by clear. |
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Term
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Definition
| - A group of individuals who communicate online |
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Term
| Aggregate *NOT A SOCIAL GROUP* |
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Definition
| - Collection of people gathered together together at the same time |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Several generations in 1 household |
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Term
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Definition
| 1 parent with 1+ children (u-18) |
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Term
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Definition
| Family in which divorced parents w/ children from a previous union |
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Term
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Definition
| Family that consists of two individuals of the same gender w/ or without children. |
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Term
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Definition
1) Regulates sexual access
2) Legitamizes children
3) Ensures survival of children
4) Defines the rights and obligations of parties
5) Creates new relationships |
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Term
|
Definition
2 Partners
- Common in western world
- Divorce rate 50%
- Serial Monogamy |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| One women + multiple husbands |
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Term
|
Definition
| Trace back through father |
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Term
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Definition
| Through back through mother |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
- Primates work in groups to protect and find scarce food source
- Humans-hunter-gather-societies
- As humans progressed, groups extended to include various classes, based on occupations
- Modern society groups Extended farther because of technology |
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Term
|
Definition
- Focus on the different types of groups and how they affects behavior
Eg. How does a primary group influence your behavior |
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Term
|
Definition
| Behaviours that individuals within a group are expected to perform |
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Term
|
Definition
| Guidelines for our behaviours for as various roles |
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Term
|
Definition
| How they group rewards or punishes members |
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Term
|
Definition
Illusion of invulnerability
Rationalization
Belief in righteousness
Stereotyping “out group”
Direct pressure
Self censorship
Illusion of unamity
Mind guards |
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Term
|
Definition
| Socialization is the process by which an individual develops to identify while learning to function with society |
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Term
|
Definition
| The means by which an individual learns the basic norms and values of a society during childhood. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The means by which an individual learns further social behaviors and norms i.e. peers, sports teams, clubs, the media |
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Term
| Rights of passage 3 Stages |
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Definition
Separation
Transition
Incorporation |
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Term
|
Definition
| You are temporarily removed from society |
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Term
|
Definition
| You learn the rules and expected behaviours of the new stage you are entering |
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Term
|
Definition
| You are re admitted back into society as a different person |
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Term
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Definition
| Ceremonial acts prescribed by tradition or religion that set humans apart from other species. |
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Term
|
Definition
- Relieve stress and help understand growth
- Group cohesion: everybody goes through the same things
- Source of entertainment
- Pass on important traditions, religious or moral values |
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Term
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Definition
| Opinion or judgment based on inadequate knowledge. Either favorable on unfavorable.(Idea) |
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Term
|
Definition
- Over-generalizations about groups of people
- Applied to every individual regardless of variations |
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Term
|
Definition
| Action or behavior, stemming from prejudice. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Prejudice or discrimination based on race or culture. |
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Term
|
Definition
1. Anti-Locution (verbal rejection)
2. Avoidance
3. Discrimination
4. Semi Violence and Violence
5. Extermination |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Isolate yourself from certain groups E.g. Boycotting Jewish Shops |
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Term
|
Definition
| Actions against people E.g. Eviction |
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Term
| Semi Violence and Violence |
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Definition
| Vandalism >> Physical assault E.g. Kristallnacht |
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Term
|
Definition
| Murders or genocide against targeted groups E.g., Holocaust |
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|
Term
| Four characteristics of Hate Crimes |
|
Definition
1. Hatred is intense and personal-Ireland Protestants vs. Catholics
2. Hatred is based on prejudice and power- Montreal Massacre
3. Hatred is directed at scapegoats- Today the Muslims are the scapegoats
4. Genocide is the expression of national hatred-E.g. Holocaust |
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Term
|
Definition
| Behaviour that differs from the social norms of the group and is judged wrong by other members of that group. |
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Term
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Definition
| Behavior that varies from the social norms or expectations of larger society but is not judged as wrong (ex. Males wearing skirts or the Amish refusing to incorporate advanced technologies) |
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Term
| Differential Association Theory (Sutherland) |
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Definition
People learn all behavior that same way (including deviant behavior) – from family, friends, co-workers, etc.
Bad Companions = Bad Behavior |
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Term
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Definition
“When big brother isn’t watching you, it gives you a chance to be deviant”
Social bonds that connect people help to keep us from committing deviance.
Deviant behavior comes in the absence of social control or if the rewards are more certain than the punishment. |
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Term
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Definition
Automatically being labeled or being defined in a particular way.
Calling someone a ‘criminal’ or ‘immoral’ may encourage others to treat that person as such, regardless of whether or not the label is true. |
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Term
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Definition
| Refers to actions considered deviant within a given context, but which are later reinterpreted as appropriate or even heroic. |
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Term
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Definition
| Feeling of separation or isolation |
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Term
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Definition
A small group of people within a larger group who share a common system of values, beliefs attitudes, behaviours, and lifestyles that are different from those of the dominant culture.
Two Key Elements:
1. Deviance from the Norm
2. Prevalent Among Youth |
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Term
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Definition
Reject most prevalent values and most important norms of society and replace them with extreme views of violence, family, loyalty.
Positive – ex. Suffragettes, hippies, and civil rights activists.
Negative – ex. Cults. |
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Term
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Definition
| Commits 3+ murders over an extended period of time with cooling-off periods in between. In between their crimes, they appear to be quite normal, a state which has been called the “mask of sanity”. |
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Term
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Definition
– Considered insane or psychotic.
- Voices tell them to commit crime (some see visions) |
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Term
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Definition
- No psychosis, but has a need to rid the outside world of what he considers immoral or unworthy.
- Will select a certain group of individuals to kill (prostitutes, young women, gay men, etc) ex. Pickton |
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Term
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Definition
- For the fun.
- He is very sadistic and kills for excitement. Ex. Zodiac |
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Term
| Lust Killer – Sexual killer. |
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Definition
- Not psychotic. Kills for the pure turn-on.
- The amount of pleasure is dependent on the amount of torture. The more heinous the torture, the more aroused they become. Ex. Dahmer |
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