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Exam Review
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83
Religious Studies
9th Grade
06/03/2009

Additional Religious Studies Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Common Good
Definition
social conditions that allow for all citizens of earth, individuals and families, to meet basic needs and achieve fulfillment.
Term
Human Dignity
Definition
The idea that because all people are created in God's image, they have fundamental worth. This
notion is the foundation of Catholic social teaching.
Term
Human Rights
Definition
The basic political, social, and economic rights that every human being claims, by virtue of their human dignity as beings created by God. Society cannot grant these rights and must not violate them.
Term
Human Solidarity
Definition
Terms of friendship and charity toward our brother and sisters in society
Term
Social Encylical
Definition
A letter from the Pope addressed to members of the universal Church regarding topics related to social justice, human rights, and peace.
Term
Social Justice
Definition
The Church's commitment, and mandate to its members, to engage in conscious efforts to fight against, if not overcome, social sin.
Term
Society
Definition
A broad part of the human community that is distinguished by common values, traditions, standards of living, or conduct.
Term
Cardinal Virtues
Definition
Based on the Latin word for "pivot", four virtues that are viewed as pivotal or essential for full Christian living: prudence, justice, fortitude, and temperance.
Term
Prudence
Definition
The virtue by which a person is inclined toward choosing the moral good and avoiding evil; sometimes called the rudder virtue, because it helps steer the person through complex moral situation; related to conscience and one of the four cardinal virtues
Term
Justice
Definition
The cardinal virtue concerned with rights and duties within relationships; the commitment as well as the actions and attitudes that flow from the commitment, to ensure that all persons-particularly the poor and oppressed-to receive what is due them
Term
Temperance
Definition
The cardinal virtue by which one moderates her or his appetites and passions to achieve balance in the use of created goods.
Term
Fortitude
Definition
Also called strength or courage, the virtue that enables one to maintain sound moral judgment and behavior in the face of difficulties and challenges; one of the four cardinal virtues.
Term
Theological Virtues
Definition
The name for the God-given virtues of faith, hope, love. These virtues enable us to know God as God and lead us to union with God in mind and heart
Term
Justification
Definition
God's act of bringing a sinful human into right relationship with him. It involves removal of sin and the gift of God's sanctifying grace to renew holiness.
Term
Grace
Definition
The free and undeserved gift of God's loving and active presence in the universe and in our lives.
Term
Conversion
Definition
A profound change of heart, turning away from sin and toward God.
Term
Contraception
Definition
The deliberate attempt to interfere with the creation of new life as a result of sexual intercourse. It is considered morally wrong by the Church, which teaches that a married couple must remain open to procreation whenever they engage in sexual intercourse.
Term
In Vitro Fertilization
Definition
The fertilization of a woman's ovum (egg) with a man's sperm outside her body. The fertilized egg is transferred to the woman's uterus. The Church considers the process to be a moral violation of the dignity of procreation.
Term
Artificial Insemination
Definition
The process by which a man's sperm and a woman's egg are united in a manner other than natural sexual intercourse. In the narrowest sense, it means injecting sperm into a woman's cervical canal. The Church considers it morally wrong because it separates intercourse from the act of procreation.
Term
Adultery
Definition
Sexual activity between two persons, at least on of whom is married to another. Prohibited by the Sixth Commandment
Term
Annulment
Definition
A declaration by the Church that a marriage is null and void, that is, it never existed. Catholics who divorce must also have the marriage annulled by the Church to be free to marry again in the Church.
Term
Chastity
Definition
The virtue by which people are able successfully and healthfully to integrate their sexuality into their total person; recognized as one of the fruits of the Holy Spirit. Also, one of the vows of the religious life.
Term
Lust
Definition
Intense and uncontrolled desire for sexual pleasure. It is one of the seven capital sins.
Term
Fornication
Definition
Sexual intercourse between a man and a woman who are not married. It is morally wrong to engage in intercourse before marriage, and it is a sin against the Sixth Commandment.
Term
Masturbation
Definition
Self-manipulation of one's sexual organs for the purpose of erotic pleasure or to achieve orgasm. The Church considers masturbation to be a sin because the act cannot result in the creation of a new life. It is also wrong because it is self-serving, and God created sex not for self-gratification, but to unify a husband and wife in marriage.
Term
Pornography
Definition
A written description or visual portrayal of a person or action that is created or viewed with the intention of stimulating sexual feelings.
Term
Homosexuality
Definition
A sexual attraction to members of one's own gender. The Church teaches that homosexual activity is morally wrong.
Term
Plagiarism
Definition
Using another person's thoughts, creative ideas, writings, music, and so forth without permission and presenting them as one's own. It is a form of stealing and a sin against the Seventh Commandment.
Term
Embezzlement
Definition
The sin of taking funds that are not yours, from a business, an organization, or the government.
Term
Reparation
Definition
Making amends for something one did wrong that caused harm to another person or led to loss.
Term
Restitution
Definition
Making things right with another person or people who have been harmed by an injustice, or returning or replacing what rightfully belongs to another.
Term
Almsgiving
Definition
Freely giving money or material goods to a person who is needy. It may be an act of penance or of Christian charity.
Term
Common Good
Definition
Social conditions that allow for all citizens of the earth, individuals and families, to meet basic needs and achieve fulfillment.
Term
Social Doctrine
Definition
The body of teaching by the Church on economic and social matters that includes moral judgments and demands for action in favor of those being harmed
Term
Stewardship
Definition
An attitude that we do not own the gifts God has given us but are trustees of those gifts. We have an obligation to share our time, talents, and material treasures with others.
Term
Vocation
Definition
A call from God to all members of the Church to embrace a life of holiness. Specifically, it refers to a call to live the holy life as an ordained minister, as a vowed religious (sister or brother), in a Christian marriage, or in single life.
Term
Envy
Definition
Jealousy, resentment, or sadness because of another person's good fortune. It is one of the capital sins and contrary to the Tenth Commandment.
Term
Preferential Options
Definition
A moral obligation for individuals and for the Church that requires special attention to those who are poor, considering their needs first and above all others.
Term
Detraction
Definition
Revealing something about another person that is true but is harmful to his or her reputation.
Term
Calumny
Definition
Ruining the reputation of another person by lying or spreading rumors. It is also called slander and is a sin against the Eighth Commandment.
Term
Slander
Definition
Injuring another person's reputation by telling lies and spreading rumors. It is also called calumny.
Term
Heresy
Definition
The conscious and deliberate rejection of a dogma of the Church.
Term
Confidentiality
Definition
Keeping safe a truth that must not be shared with others because to do so would be immoral or illegal.
Term
Legitimate Defense
Definition
The teaching that limited violence is morally acceptable in defending yourself or your nation from an attack
Term
Capital Punishment
Definition
Another name for the death penalty, a sentence sometimes given to people who commit serious crimes. The Church teaches that the necessity for capital punsihment in today's world is rare.
Term
Just War
Definition
War involves many evils, no matter the circumstances. For a war to be just, it must be declared by a lawful authority, there must be just cause and the right intention (such as self-defense), and weapons must be used in a way that protects the lives of innocent people.
Term
Conscientious Objection
Definition
Refusal to join the military or take part in a war, based on moral or religious grounds. Conscientious objectors must seek official approval of their status from the government.
Term
Arms Race
Definition
The competition between nations to build up stockpiles of weapons of all kinds, including weapons of mass destruction. Many of these stockpiles are large enough to destroy the world several times over.
Term
Abortion
Definition
The deliberate termination of a pregnancy by killing the unborn child. The Roman Catholic Church considers such direct abortion a grave contradiction of the moral law and a crime against human life.
Term
Genetic Engineering
Definition
Manipulating the genetic code of plants, animals, or human beings to alter it in some way. Such activity with human DNA is considered a violation of the sanctity of life.
Term
Euthanasia
Definition
A direct actionm or a deliberate lack of action, that causes the death of a handicapped, sick, or dying person. Some people attempt to justify it as an act of mercy intended to relieve suffering, but the Catholic Church rejects that position and considers euthanasia a violation of the Fifth Commandment against killing.
Term
Suicide
Definition
Deliberately taking one's own life. It is a serious violation of God's Law and plan. It is usually accomplished as a result of serious mental and emotional anguish, and in such cases is not considered a free or deliberate act.
Term
Scandal
Definition
An action or attitude-or the failure to act- that leads another person to sin.
Term
Idolatry
Definition
Worship of other beings, creatures, or material goods in a way that is fitting for God alone. It is a violation of the First Commandment.
Term
Superstition
Definition
Attributing to someone or something else a power that belongs to God alone and relying on such powers rather than trusting in God. It is a sin against the First Commandment.
Term
Sacrilege
Definition
An offense against God. It is the abuse of a person, place, or thing dedicated to God and the worship of God.
Term
Natural Law
Definition
Our God-given instinct to be in right relationship with God, other people, the world, and ourselves. The basis for natural law is our participation in God's wisdom and goodness because we are created in the divine likeness. The fundamental expressions of natural law reamin fixed and unchanging, which is why natural law is the foundation for both personal morality and civil norms
Term
Old Law
Definition
The Law of Moses, the Ten Commandments. It contrasts with the New Law of the Gospel
Term
Decalogue
Definition
Another name for the Ten Commandments. Also called the Law or the Law of Moses
Term
New Law
Definition
The law of the Gospel of Jesus Christ, it is a law of love, grace, and freedom. It is distinguished from the Old Law, or the Law of Moses
Term
Precepts of the Church
Definition
Sometimes called the commandments of the Church, these are obligations for all Catholics that are dictated by the laws
Term
Magisterium
Definition
The name given the official teaching authority of the Church, whose task is to interpret and preserve the truths of the Church revealed in both the Scriptures and Tradition
Term
Doctrines
Definition
An official teaching of the Church based on the Revelation of God by and through Christ.
Term
Infallibility
Definition
The gist of the Spirit to the whole Church by which the leaders of the Church- the Pope and the bishops in union with him- are protected from fundamental error when formulating a specific teaching on a matter of faith and morals
Term
Conscience
Definition
The "interior voice" of a person, a God-given internal sense of what is morallt wrong or right. Conscience leads people to understand themselves as resonsible for their actions and prompts them to do good and avoid evil. To make good judgments, one needs to have a well-formed conscience
Term
Atheism
Definition
The denial of the existence of God
Term
Simony
Definition
Buying or selling of something spiritual, such as a grace, a Sacrament, or a relic. It violates the honor of God
Term
Venerate
Definition
An action that shows deeper reverence for something sacred. For example, on Good Friday, individuals in the assembly venerate the cross by bowing before or kissing it
Term
Blasphemy
Definition
Speaking, acting, or thinking about God in a way that is irrelevent, mocking, or offensive. It is a sin against the Second
Term
Perjury
Definition
The sin of lying while under an oath to tell the truth.
Term
Sabbath
Definition
In the Old Testament, the "seventh day" on which God rested after the work of Creation was completed; for Catholics, Sunday, the day on which Jesus was raised, which we are to observe with participation in the Eucharist in fulfillment of the Commandment to "keep holy the Sabbath"
Term
Lord's Day
Definition
Another name for Sunday and holy days of obligation. Catholics are required to attend Mass on these days and refrain from any work that might stand in the way of relaxation and renewal of mind and body.
Term
Morality
Definition
Dealing with the goodness or evil of human acts, attitudes, and values; involves matters such as right judgement,decision-making skills, personal freedom and responsibility, and so on
Term
Beatitudes
Definition
The teachings og Jesus during the Sermon on the Mount in which he describes the actions and attitudes that should characterize Christians and by which one can discover genuine meaning and happiness.
Term
Free Will
Definition
The gift from God that allows human beings to choose from among various actions, for which we are held accountable. It is the basis for moral responsibilty.
Term
Mortal Sin
Definition
An action so contrary to the will of God that ut results in a complete separation from God and God's grace. As a consequences of that separation, the person is condemned to eternal death. To be a mortal sin requires three conditions: it must involve grave matter, the person must have full knowledge of the evil act, and the person must give his of her full consent in committing the act.
Term
Venial Sin
Definition
A less serious offense against the will of God that diminshes one's personal character and weakens but does not rupture one's relationship with God.
Term
Vices
Definition
A practice or a habit that leads a person to sin.
Term
Virtues
Definition
A good habit, one that creates within us a kind of inner readiness or attraction to move toward or accomplish moral good. The Theological virtues are faith, hope, and love.
Term
Civil Authorities
Definition
The people in society who are responsible for making and enforcing civil laws. They have a responsibility for safeguarding human freedom and human dignity
Term
Civil Disobedience
Definition
Deliberate refusal to obey a law prescribed by the state, usually on moral grounds.
Term
Civil Laws
Definition
The laws that govern society. Civil laws should reflect the natural law that God has placed in every human heart.
Term
Sanctifying Grace
Definition
A supernatural gift of God by which our sins are forgiven and we are made holy holy. It restores our friendship with God.
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