Term
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Definition
| unique characteristics that account for our enduring patterns of inner experience and outward behaviour. |
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| key perspectives of personality |
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Definition
| psychodynamic, humanistic, trait, situationist, and interactionism, biological foundations. |
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Term
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Definition
| freud's view: personality forms as a result of struggles between primal needs and social or moral restraints. basic principle is: personality and behaviour are shaped by interacting. |
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Term
| why are all theories related to freuds are called psychodynamic |
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Definition
| most theories share the same basic notion as freud such as personality and behaviour are shaped by interacting, or dynamic, underlying forces therefore they are reffered to as psychodynamic theories. |
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Term
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Definition
conscious mind: thoughts and feeling we are aware of
preconscious mind: thoughts, memories, ideas that can be easily brought up when needed.
unconscious mind: deepest level, unaware of this level except under special circumstances. particularly important to development of personality. |
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| freud's three central forces for personality development |
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Definition
instictional drives (id)
rational thoughts (ego)
moral limits (the superego)
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Definition
present at birth, basic instinctional needs and desires such as sleeping, sex, eating, comfort.
sexual overtones, and sexual energy is called libido which fuels the ID |
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Term
| ego according to psychoanalytic theory |
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Definition
as we grow older, we learn all wants and desires cant be met.
ego is responsible for satisfying impulses, it assesses what is realistically possible. Freud saw it as problem solving force,that keeps ID based impulses from bursting in destructive manner |
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Term
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Definition
formed during childhood.
- is in charge of determining which impulses are acceptable to express openly and which are unacceptable; keeps developing as we keep learning from others in our culture. |
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Term
| how do personality problems and psychological disorders occur. |
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Definition
| three forces of personality development are always at a conflict at an unconscious level to some degree if these conflicts are not resolved it result in personality probs and psychological disorders. |
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Term
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Definition
| stages in the development of personality: labelled oral(0 to 18 months), anal (18 to 3 years), phallic (3 to 6 years), latency (6 years to puberty) and genital (puberty to adult) are usually influenced by sexuality and aggression. |
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Term
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Definition
| an abnormal behaviour pattern caused by unresolved conflicts between the id, ego, and superego |
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Definition
| unconscious tactics employed by ego to protect the individual from anxiety |
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| keeps deep dark memories buried in unconscious mind |
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| A defence mechanism; process of refusing to recognize an exisiting situation. |
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Definition
creating a socially acceptable exercuse to justify unacceptable behaviour
example: cheating on taxes; everyone does it |
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Definition
not acknowledging unacceptable impulses and over emphasizing their opposite
example: overpraising a siblings success even though you resent it |
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Definition
trasferring ones unacceptable qualities ot impulses to others.
such as not trusting your co worker but thinking they dont trust you |
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Definition
diverting ones impulses to a more acceptable target
example: yelling at your family after being yelled at by your boss |
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Definition
channelling socially unacceptable impulses into acceptable activities
ex: becoming professional fighter, redirecting aggresive behaviour |
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Definition
reverting to immature ways of responding
throwing tantrums |
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Definition
forming alliances with others.
eg: joining groups for their prestige value
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Definition
ignoring troubling emotional aspects by focusing on abstract ideas or thoughts
- discussing other matter rather while ignoring the pain of losing a job or break up
- stefan from TVD |
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Term
| freud's notable three followers |
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Definition
alfred adler
carl jung
karen horney |
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Term
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Definition
| adler proposed that a childs inevitable experiences of helplessness produce early feelings of inferiority, which can lead to a lifelong sense of inferiority or to a lifelong quest for completeness and superiority. |
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Definition
personal unconscious: formed from individual experiences
collective unconscious: inherited memories
carl jung believed that unconscious drives toward joy and creativity are powerful forces in personality
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Definition
focused on basic anxiety developed in kids
disagreed with freud's cultural influences on behaviour
observed that cultural didderences play a more important role in development than traditional psychoanalytics theory acknowledged. |
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Term
| two famous humanistic perspective theories |
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Definition
| abraham maslow and carl rogers |
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Term
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Definition
the need of humans to fulfil their full and special potential; th ehighest level of need in maslow's hierarchy of needs.
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Term
| carl roger's self concept and unconditional positive regard |
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Definition
self concept: a pattern of self perception that remain consistent over time and can be used to characterize on individual
uncond. positive regard: acceptance wihout terms and conditions ! kids with parents
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Term
the trait perspective
personality trait |
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Definition
| personality trait: tendencies to behave in certain ways that remain relatively constant across situations |
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Term
| goldon allport and hans eysenck made central traits and what were their several assumptions |
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Definition
1. people have innate tendencies to respond to situations in certain ways
2. these tendencies can be linked together to form broad habits
3. such principles can be used to form the foundation of a scientifically testable theory. |
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