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| __ produce H+ ions in solutions |
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| __ produce OH- ions in solutions |
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| acids (called amino acids) |
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| the building blocks of proteins are __ |
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| the molecules that carry the genetic code in DNA are __ |
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sour taste,
the ability to dissolve many metals,
the ability to turn blue litmus paper red,
the ability to neutralize bases |
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Definition
| what are the general properties of acids? |
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Definition
| you can find __ in most chemistry laboratories, it is used to clean metals, to prepare and process some foods, and to refine metal ores. it is also the main component of stomach acid |
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| __ = metal cleaning, food preparation; ore refining; primary component of stomach acid |
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| __ = fertilizer and explosives manufacturing; dye and glue production; automobile batteries; electroplating of copper |
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Definition
| __ = fertilizer and explosives manufacturing; dye and glue production |
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| acetic acid (HC2H3O2 OR CH3COOH) |
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Definition
| __ = plastic and rubber manufacturing; food preservative; active component of vinegar |
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| __ = present in citrus fruits such as lemons and limes; used to adjust pH in foods and beverages |
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| __ = found in carbonated beverages due to the reaction of carbon dioxide with water |
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Definition
| __ = metal cleaning; glass frosting and etching |
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Definition
| __ = fertilizer manufacture; biological buffering; preservative in beverages |
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Definition
| __ is produced in larger quantities than any other chemical |
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| __ is produced in improperly stored wines |
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| __ is an acid that contains H single bonded to O, which is single bonded to C, which is double bonded to O, and single bonded to something else (H-O-C=O, H-O-C-?) |
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Definition
| carboxylic acids are often found in substances derived from __ |
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Definition
| citric acid and malic acid are examples of __ acids |
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| __ is found in apples, grapes, and wine |
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a bitter taste,
a slippery feel,
the ability to turn red litmus paper blue,
the ability to neutralize acids |
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Definition
| what are the general properties of bases |
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Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
base |
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Definition
| __ = petroleum processing; soap and plastic manufacturing |
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potassium hydroxide(KOH)
base |
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Definition
| __ = cotton processing; electroplating; soap production; batteries |
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Term
sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3)
base |
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Definition
| __ = antacid; ingredient of baking soda; source of CO2 |
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Term
Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3)
base |
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Definition
| __ = manufacture of glass and soap; general cleanser; water softener |
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Definition
| __ = detergent; fertilizer and explosives manufacturing; synthetic fiber production |
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less
this is because of their bitterness |
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Definition
| bases are __ common in foods than are acids |
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Definition
| our aversion to the taste of bases is probably an evolutionary adaptation to warn us against __ |
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Definition
| __ = organic bases found in plants that are often poisonous |
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Term
base
(*coffee is acidic overall, but bases present in coffee - such as caffeine - impart a bitter flavor) |
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Definition
| some foods, such as coffee and chocolate contain small amounts of __ |
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oils on the skin
soap-like substances |
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Definition
| bases feel slippery because they react with __ to form __ |
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Definition
| in the lab __ is routinely used to test the basicity of solutions |
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| arrhenius definition for an acid |
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Definition
| a substance that produces H+ ions in aqueous solutions |
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| arrhenius definition of a base |
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Definition
| a substance that produces OH- ions in aqueous solution |
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Definition
| in aqueous solution, an H+ ion binds to a __ |
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Definition
| the H3O+ ion is called the __ |
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hydronium ions (H3O+)
H(H2O)_n^+ |
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Definition
| in water H+ ions always associate with H20 to form __ and other associated species with the general formula __ |
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Definition
| __ = breaks apart into its component ions |
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| water, neutralizing each other in the process |
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Definition
| under the arrhenius definition, acids and bases naturally combine to form __ |
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| bronsted-lowry definition |
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Definition
| focuses on the transfer of H+ ions in an acid-base reaction. it focuses on the idea of a proton donor and a proton acceptor |
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| bronsted-lowry definition of an acid |
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Definition
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| bronsted-lowry definition of a base |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the bronsted-lowry definition clearly describes what happens to the H+ ion from an acid - it associates with a water molecule to form __ |
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Definition
| the bronsted-lowry definition also works well with bases (such as NH3) that do not inherently contain OH- ions but still __ in solution |
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Definition
| in the bronsted-lowry definitions, acids (proton donors) and bases (proton accpetors) always occur __ |
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Definition
| according to the bronsted-lowry definition, some substances can act as __ or __ |
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Definition
| substances that can act as acids or bases are __ |
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Term
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Definition
| NH4+ and NH3 are often reffered to as a __ |
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Definition
| two substances related to each other by the transfer of a proton |
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Definition
| any base to which a proton has been added |
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Definition
| any acid from which a proton has been removed |
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| a base __ a proton and becomes a conjugate acid |
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| an acid __ a proton and becomes a conjugate base |
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| the strength of an __ is determined by the extent of its dissociation into its component ions in solution |
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| a __ completely dissociates into ions in solution |
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| a __ only partially dissociates into ions in solution |
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| a __ completely ionizes in solutions |
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| a __ only partially ionizes in solution |
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Definition
| the strength of an acid depends on the __ |
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| strong - it completely ionizes |
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Definition
| if the equilibrium lies far to the right, the acid is __ |
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| weak - only a small percentage of the acid molecules ionize |
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Definition
| if the equilibrium lies to the left, the acid is __ |
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Definition
| the range of acid strength is __ |
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