Term
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Definition
| -A succession of mitotic cell divisions without cell growth between cycles. |
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Term
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Definition
| -The hollow ball of cells marking the end stage of cleavage during early embryonic development |
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Term
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Definition
| -The formation of a gastrula from a blastula. |
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Term
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Definition
| -The three-layered, cup shaped embryonic stage. |
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Term
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Definition
| -A free living, sexually immature form in some animal life cycles that may differ from the adult in morphology, nutrition and habitat. |
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Term
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Definition
| -The resurgence of development in an animal larva that transforms it into a sexually mature adult. |
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Term
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Definition
| -Earliest generally accepted in animal fossils, dating from about 575 million years ago. |
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Term
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Definition
| -A burst of evolutionary origins when most of the major body plans of animals appeared in a relatively brief time in geologic history; recorded in the fossil record about 542-525 million years ago. |
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Term
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Definition
| -Group of animal species that share the same level of organizational complexity. |
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Term
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Definition
| -In animals, the set of morphological and developmental traits that define a grade (level of organizational complexity) |
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Term
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Definition
| -Characterizing a body shaped like a pie or barrel, with many equal parts radiating outward like the spokes of a wheel; present in cnidarians and echinoderms; also can refer to flower structure. |
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Term
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Definition
| -Characterizing a body form with a central longitudinal plane that divides the body into two equal but opposite halves |
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Term
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Definition
| -Pertaining to the back (top) of a bilaterally symmetrical animal. |
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Term
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Definition
| -Pertaining to the underside, or bottom, of a bilaterally symmetrical animal |
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Term
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Definition
| -Referring to the head end of a bilaterally symmetrical animal. |
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Term
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Definition
| - Pertaining to the rear, or tail end, of a bilaterally symmetrical animal. |
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Term
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Definition
| -An evolutionary trend toward the concentration of sensory equipment on the anterior end of the body |
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Term
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Definition
| -Three main layers that form the various tissues and organs of an animal body. |
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Term
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Definition
| -The outermost of the three primary germ layers in animal embryos; gives rise to the outer covering and in some phyla, the nervous system inner ear and lens of the eye. |
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Term
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Definition
| -The innermost of the three primary germ layers in animal embryos;lines the archenteron and gives rise to the liver, pancreas, lungs, and lining of the digestive tract. |
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Term
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Definition
| -The endodermlined cavity, formed during the gastrulation process, that develops into the digestive tract of an animal. |
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Term
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Definition
| -The middle primary germ layer of an early embryo the develops into the notochord, the lining of the coelom muscles, skeleton, gonads, kidneys, and most of the circulatory systems. |
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Term
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Definition
| -Having Three Germ Layers |
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Term
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Definition
| -A fluid filled space separating the digestive tract from the outer body wall. |
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Term
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Definition
| -A body cavity completely lined with mesoderm |
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Term
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Definition
| -An animal whose body cavity is not completely lined by mesoderm |
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Term
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Definition
| -A solid-bodied animal lacking a cavity between the gut and outer wall. |
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Term
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Definition
| -In animals, a developmental mode distinguished by the development of the mouth from the blastopore; often also characterized by schizocoelous development of the body cavity and by spiral cleavage. |
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Term
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Definition
| -In animals, a developmental mode distinguished by the development of the anus from the blastospore; often also characterized by enterocoelous development of the body cavity and by radial cleavage. |
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Term
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Definition
| -A type of embryonic development in protostomes, in which the planes of cell division that transform the zygote into a ball of cells occur obliquely to the polar axis, resulting in cells of each tier sitting in the grooves between cells of adjacent tiers. |
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Term
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Definition
| -A type of embryonic development in protostomes that rigidly casts the developmental fate of each embryonic cell very early. |
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Term
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Definition
| -a type of embryonic development in deuterstomes in which the planes of cell division that transforms the zygote into a ball of cells are either parallel or perpendicular to the polar axis, thereby aligning tiers of cells one above the other. |
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Term
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Definition
| -A type of embryonic development in deuterstomes, in which each cell produced by early cleavage divisions retains the capacity to develop into a complete embryo. |
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Term
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Definition
| -Patter of formation of the body cavity, common in protostome development in which initially solid masses of mesoderm split, forming the body cavity. |
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Term
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Definition
| -Patter of formation of the body cavity common in deuterstome development, in which the mesoderm buds from the wall of the archenteron and hollows, forming the body cavity. |
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Term
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Definition
| -The opening of the archenteron in the gastrula that develops into the mouth in protostomes and the anus in deuterstomes |
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Term
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Definition
| -Member of a group of animal phyla with protostome development that some systematists hypothesize form a clade, including many molting animals. |
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Term
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Definition
-A Horseshoe shape or circular fold of the body wall bearing ciliated tentacles that surround the mouth.
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Term
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Definition
| -Distinctive larval stage observed in certain invertebrates, including some annelids and molluscs. |
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Term
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Definition
| -Animals that lack a backbone. |
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Term
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Definition
| -An aquatic animal, such as a clam or a baleen whale, that sifts small food particles from the water. |
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Term
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Definition
| -The central cavity of a sponge. |
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Term
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Definition
| -A large opening in a sponge that connects the spongocoel to the environment. |
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Term
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Definition
| -A flagellated feeding cell found in sponges. Also called a collar cell, it has a collar-like ring that traps food particles around the base of it flagellum. |
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Term
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Definition
| -A gelatinous region between the two layers of cells of a sponge. |
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Term
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Definition
| -An amoeba-like cell that moves by pseudopodia, found in most animals; depending on the species, may digest and distribute food, dispose of wastes, form skeletal fibers, fight infections, and change into other cell types. |
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Term
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Definition
| -An individual that functions as both male and female in sexual reproduction by producing both sperm and eggs. |
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Term
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Definition
| -An extensive pouch that serves as the site of extracellular digestion and a passageway to disperse materials throughout most of an animal's body. |
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Term
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Definition
| -The sessile variant of the cnidarian body plan. The alternate form is the medusa. |
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Term
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Definition
| -The floating, flattened, mouth-down version of the cnidarian body plan. The alternate form is the polyp. |
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Term
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Definition
| -A specialized cell for which the phylum Cnidaria is named; contains a capsule containing a fine coiled thread, which, when discharged, functions in defense and prey capture. |
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Term
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Definition
| -A stinging, capsule-like organelle in a cnidocyte. |
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Term
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Definition
| -A free-living flatworm found in unpolluted ponds and streams. |
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Term
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Definition
| -A digestive tract consisting of a tube running between a mouth and anus. |
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Term
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Definition
| -A type of reproduction in which females produce offspring from an unfertilized egg. |
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Term
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Definition
| -A tube dwelling marine lophophorate. |
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Term
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Definition
| -A sessile, colonial lophophorate commonly called a bryozoan |
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Term
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Definition
| -A marine lophophorate with a shell divided into dorsal and ventral halves. Brachiopods are also called lamp shells. |
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Term
| Closed Circulatory System |
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Definition
| -A circulatory system in which blood is confined to vessels and is kept separate from the interstitial fluid. |
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Term
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Definition
-(1) The portion of a bryophyte sporophyte that gathers sugars, amino acids, water, and minerals from the parent gametophyte via transfer cells.
(2) One of the three main parts of a mollusc; a muscular structure usually used for movement. |
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Term
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Definition
| -One of the three main parts of a mollusc, containing most of the internal organs. |
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Term
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Definition
| -A fold of tissue in molluscs that drapes over the visceral mass and may secrete a shell. |
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Term
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Definition
| -A water-filled chamber that houses the gills, anus, and excretory pores of a mollusc. |
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Term
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Definition
| -A strap-like rasping organ used by many molluscs during feeding. |
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Term
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Definition
| -Distinctive larval stage observed in certain invertebrates, including some annelids and molluscs. |
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Term
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Definition
| -A characteristic of gastropods in which the visceral mass rotates during development. |
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Term
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Definition
| -A shelled cephalopod that was the dominant invertebrate predator for millions of years until the end of the cretaceous period. |
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Term
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Definition
(1) A waxy covering on the surface of stems and leaves that acts as an adaptation to prevent desiccation in terrestrial plants.
(2) The exoskeleton of an arthropod, consisting of layers of protein and chitin that are variously modified for different functions.
(3) A tough coat that covers the body of a nematode. |
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Term
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Definition
| -A segmented coelomate with a chitinous exoskeleton, jointed appendages, and a body formed of distinct groups of segments. |
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Term
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Definition
| -An extinct arthropod with pronounced segmentation and appendages that varied little from segment to segment. |
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Term
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Definition
| -A hard encasement on the surface of an animal, such as the shell of a mollusc or the cuticle of an arthropod, that provides protection and points of attachment for muscles. |
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Term
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Definition
| -A process in arthropods in which the exoskeleton is shed at intervals, allowing growth by the production of a larger exoskeleton. |
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Term
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Definition
| -A circulatory system in which fluid called hemolymph bathes the tissues and organs directly and there is no distinction between the circulating fluid and the intestinal fluid. |
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Term
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Definition
| -An arthropod that has chelicerae and a body divided into a cephalothorax and an abdomen. Living chelicerifoms include sea spiders, horseshoe crabs, scorpions, ticks and spiders. |
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Term
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Definition
| -A terrestrial arthropod with many body segments and one or two pairs of legs per segment. Millipedes and centipedes comprise the two classes of living myriapods. |
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Term
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Definition
| -An insect or closely related wingless, six-legged arthropod. |
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Term
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Definition
| -A member of a subphylum of arthropods that includes lobsters, crayfish, crabs, shrimps, and barnacles. |
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Term
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Definition
| -one of a pair of claw-like feeding appendages characteristics of cheliceriforms |
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Term
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Definition
| -An extinct carnivorous cheliceriform also called a water scorpion. |
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Term
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Definition
| -An organ of gas exchange in spiders, consisting of stacked plates contained in an internal chamber. |
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Term
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Definition
| -One of a pair of jaw-like feeding appendages found in myriapods, hexapods, and crustaceans. |
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Term
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Definition
| -A type of development in certain insects, such as grasshoppers, in which the young (called nymphs) resemble adults but are smaller and have different body proportions. They nymph goes through a series of molts, each time looking more like an adult, until it reaches full size. |
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Term
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Definition
| -The transformation of a larva into an adult that looks very differently and often functions very differently in its environment, than the larva. |
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Term
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Definition
| -A member of one of the largest groups of crustaceans, which includes terrestrial, freshwater, and marine species. Among the terrestrial isopods are the pill bugs, or wood lice. |
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Term
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Definition
| -A member of the group of crustaceans that includes lobsters, crayfish, crabs, and shrimps. |
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Term
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Definition
| -Any of a group of small crustaceans that are important members of marine and freshwater plankton communities. |
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Term
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Definition
| -A slow-moving or sessile marine deuterostome with a water vascular system and, in adults, radial anatomy. Echinoderms include sea stars, brittle stars, sea urchins, feather stars, and sea cucumbers. |
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Term
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Definition
| -A network of hydraulic canals unique to echinoderms that branches into extensions called tube feet, which function in locomotion, feeding, and gas exchange. |
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Term
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Definition
| -One of numerous extensions of an echinoderm's water vascular system. Tube feet function in locomotion, feeding, and gas exchange. |
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