Term
Valves in the capillaries slow blood down enough for diffusion to take place efficiently.
-true
-false |
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Definition
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Term
Arteries
-may have valves
-are normally found superficial to veins and can often be palpated
-may spurt when cut |
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Definition
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Term
The largest pressure drop occurs in the changeover from capillaries to venules. This reduction in the flow is necessary for gas and nutrient exchange to occur.
-true
-false |
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Definition
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Term
Blood pressure and blood flow to specific organs is primarily determined at the level of the arterioles.
-true
-false |
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Definition
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Term
Varicose veins are (generally speaking) caused by a problem with the
-plaques that build up on the walls of the veins
-muscles surrounding the veins
-arteries that supply the veins with O2
-oxygenation level of the blood travelling through the veins
-valves in the veins |
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Definition
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Term
When we're at rest, most of our blood may be found:
-in the systemic arteries and arteriole
-in the pulmonary circuit
-in the capillaries
-in the veins of the abdominal organs and the skin |
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Definition
| in the veins of the abdominal organs and the skin |
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Term
When you take a patient's blood pressure, you're actually measuring
-her capillary hydrostatic pressure
-her venous pressure
-her systemic arterial pressure
-the pressure in the superficial vascular plexus
-all of the above - they're all in a circuit together and so will have the same pressure |
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Definition
| her systemic arterial pressure |
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Term
Blood flows from low pressure to high pressure, which is why we bleed more when we're cut at higher altitudes.
-true
-false |
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Definition
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Term
The velocity of blood flow is inversely proportional to the total cross-sectional area.
-true
-false |
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Definition
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Term
Hypoxia and nitric oxide are vasoconstricting in influences.
-true
-false |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following factors contribute to vasoconstriction/vasodilation?
-the nervous system
-local O2 and CO2 levels
-the endocrine system
-all of the above |
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Definition
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Term
Fluid doesn't leak out of arterioles because the blood is traveling too fast for leakage to occur.
-true
-false |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following areas of your body would you expect to be the most highly vascularized?
-your fingertip
-the skin over the orbital ridge
-your heart
-your knee joint
-your calf muscle |
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Definition
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Term
Precapillary sphincters
-may divert blood
-are found in abundance in the epithelium
-reverse the flow of blood
-all of the above |
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Definition
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Term
Vasodilation/vasoconstriction of precapillary sphincters may
-aid in thermoregulation
-provide a reservoir of blood in those capillaries
-provide a reservoir of blood that pools and remains still in the abdominal organs
-aid in thermoregulation AND provide a reservoir of blood in those capillaries
-all of the above |
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Definition
| aid in thermoregulation AND provide a reservoir of blood in those capillaries |
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Term
The respiratory pump helps return blood to the heart by increasing thoracic pressure and decreasing abdominal pressure. This serves to sort of suck the blood upwards.
-true
-false |
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Definition
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Term
What do the large veins (like those in the legs and arms) and the lymphatic system not share in common?
-valves
-the movement of fluid via the respiratory pump
-the direction of fluid movement
-the presence of leucocytes
-the presence of erythrocytes |
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Definition
| the presence of erythrocytes |
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Term
Blood flow is affected by sources of resistance. Which of the following sources of resistance is most easily and readily controlled to influence flow?
-blood viscosity
-blood vessel length
-blood vessel diameter |
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Definition
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Term
Adequate venous return may be achieved by raising the systemic blood pressure via arteriolar vasoconstriction.
-true
-false |
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Definition
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Term
At the venous end of capillaries, the blood colloid osmotic pressure is a force pulling fluid into the capillary lumen.
-true
-false |
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Definition
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Term
Blood flow is slowest:
-at the narrowing of arteries to arterioles
-at the vena cava
-in the capillary beds |
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Definition
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Term
Because the metabolic activity (esp. in the heart and skeletal muscle) can vary greatly, extrinsic factors will always trump the tone set by the intrinsic factors.
-true
-false |
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Definition
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Term
How does increased sympathetic activity help raise our blood pressure?
-increased end systolic volume
-increased epi/norepi secretion from the medulla oblongata
-increased cardiac rate
-decreased stroke volume
-all of the above |
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Definition
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Term
Angiotensin II
-stimulates thirst
-causes the release of ADH and aldosterone
-requires activation in pulmonary capillaries
-all of the above |
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Definition
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Term
When the net filtration pressure in the capillary is negative, water will move
-into the capillary
-out of the capillary
-nowhere. it'll tay inside the capillary |
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Definition
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Term
Lymphatic vessels carry lymphatic fluid from the subclavian veins, through lymph nodes to the interstitium around capillary beds.
-true
-false |
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Definition
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Term
The right leg is drained by the
-right lymphatic duct
-thoracic duct |
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Definition
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Term
The conducting division of the respiratory system ends at the level of
-the top of the trachea
-the end of the teritiary bronchii
-the first alveolus
-the laryngopharynx
-the last cartilaginous plate |
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Definition
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Term
The mucociliary escalator
-may be diabled by cigarette smoking
-involves the beating of cilia that are covered by a layer of mucus
-involves the beating of particulate matter down into the lower respiratory tract where alveolar macrophages clean up the debris
-may be disabled by cigarette smoking AND involves the beating of cilia that are covered by a layer of mucus
-all of the above |
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Definition
| may be disabled by cigarette smoking AND involves the beating of cilia that are covered by a layer of mucus |
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Term
Cilia are present in the alveoli in order to keep the alveolar membrane as clean as possible for efficient gas diffusion.
-true
-false |
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Definition
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Term
Surfactant
-is released by Type II alveolar epithelial cells
-interferes with hydrogen bonds
-reduces surface tension in the alveoli
-all of the above |
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Definition
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Term
When you increase the volume of the thorax, the pressure inside will
-increase
-decrease
-stay the same |
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Definition
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Term
Gases diffuse from areas of high partial pressure to areas of lower partial pressure.
-true
-false |
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Definition
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Term
In terms of gas transport, reactions that occur in the systemic circuit favor the movement of CO2 into the blood.
-true
-false |
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Definition
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Term
Hemoglobin
-binds to O2
-binds to CO2
-binds to H+
-all of the above |
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Definition
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Term
The chloride shift at the level of the tissues involves the shifting of chloride
-from the RBC into the plasma
-from the plasma into the RBC
-from the plasma into the interstitium
-from bicarbonate to carbonic acid
-from carbonic acid to bicarbonate |
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Definition
| from the plasma into the RBC |
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Term
The blood entering the pulmonary capillary beds is
-oxygenated
-deoxygenated |
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Definition
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Term
Tracheal cartilage
-forms an incomplete ring
-is made of elastic cartilage to provide the stretch and recoil necessary to accomodate air flow
-is highly vascular
-all of the above |
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Definition
| forms and incomplete ring |
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Term
The cardiac notch is found in which lung lobe?
-right superior
-right middle
-right inferior
-left inferior
-left superior |
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Definition
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Term
Surfactant
-is released by the hypothalmus and acts on the alveolar type II cells
-reduces surface tension in the alveoli
-strengthens hydrogen bonding to ensure proper coating of the alveoli by water
-clinically, is most likely to cause a problem in early adulthood secondary to swimming in chlorinated pools with poor ventilation
-all of the above |
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Definition
| reduces surface tension in the alveoli |
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Term
| The ______ provides circulatory support to the walls of larger vessels |
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Definition
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Term
| When blood pressure and volume increase to the level that homeostasis is disturbed, the heart may release _____ to restore homeostasis. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name one avascular tissue |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the specific name of the membrane fused to the surface of the lung? |
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Definition
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Term
| where does cellular respiration take place? name one product of cellular respiration. |
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Definition
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Term
| Lymph nodes are full of what specific type of cell? |
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Definition
| lymphocytes are primary cells |
|
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Term
| name the smallest subdivision of the lungs. |
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Definition
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Term
| the diaphragm is primarily innervated by what nerve? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Name the 2 primary muscles of inspiration. |
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Definition
| diaphragm, external intercostal |
|
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Term
| name the primary muscle of forced exhalation. |
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Definition
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