Term
A population with a higher death rate than birth rate may still have positive growth. This statement is:
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Definition
| C) Incorrect. If the death rate is higher than the birth rate, the population will decrease. |
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Term
A population of meadow voles has an annual per capita birth rate of 0.08 and an annual per capita death rate of 0.02. Estimate the
number of individuals added to or lost from a population of 1,000 individuals in 1 year. |
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Definition
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Term
| A population with an S-shaped growth curve is said to exhibit _____________ growth. |
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Definition
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Term
| In the equation for logistic growth, when N = K: |
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Definition
| E) population growth rate is declining, though the population itself is still increasing. |
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Term
| The population size that a particular habitat can support indefinitely is called the: |
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Definition
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Term
| Populations that exhibit logistic growth still exhibit exponential growth. This statement is: |
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Definition
D) true; populations exhibiting logistic growth go through a period of exponential growth before growth rates level off around
zero. |
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Term
In the lynx–snowshoe hare oscillating cycle of population growth, when the hare population size grows, more food is provided for
the lynx. Which is the IMMEDIATE next step in this cycle? |
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Definition
| D) The lynx reproduce at a higher rate. |
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Term
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Definition
| D) are subject to the pressures of natural selection. |
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Term
| The death rate of organisms in a population exhibiting a Type III survivorship curve is: |
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Definition
| B) lower after the organisms survive to the critical age of establishment. |
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Term
| A Type III survivorship curve would be expected in a species in which: |
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Definition
| E) a large number of offspring are produced but parental care is minimal. |
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Term
| Which of the following is a MAJOR trade-off in life histories? |
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Definition
| E) growth for reproduction |
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Term
There is a trade-off between the number of offspring an organism can produce and the amount of care the organism can provide
for its offspring. This statement is: |
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Definition
| B) correct; this is one of the inherent trade-offs in life history strategies |
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Term
| Mutations that cause sickness and death after reproduction: |
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Definition
| B) can be passed on to future generations. |
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Term
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Definition
| B) leads to an increase in the frequency of any illness-inducing alleles that have their effect when an organism can reproduce. |
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Term
| What is the approximate current size of the human population? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is an example of an abiotic factor? |
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Definition
| E) mean annual rainfall in an ecosystem |
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Term
| The distribution of terrestrial biomes across the globe corresponds MOST to which of the following? |
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Definition
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Term
| The PRIMARY reason for differences in climate at different places on earth is: |
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Definition
| B) that different places receive different amounts of solar energy. |
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Term
| ____________ and __________ are the major factors that determine climate. |
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Definition
| D) Temperature; precipitation |
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Term
| Why are many deserts located on the backside of mountains |
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Definition
B) Moist air masses are forced to rise over mountains and lose their moisture in the process, resulting in very little moisture
availability for the other side of the mountain. |
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Term
| “Food chains are accurate representations of energy flow through an ecosystem.” This statement is: |
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Definition
| D) true; however, they do not represent the amount of energy flowing through an ecosystem. |
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Term
If a food chain consisted of grass to rabbits to foxes, how many pounds of foxes could be expected in a meadow that has 10,000
pounds of grass? |
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Definition
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Term
| Most of the carbon in earth's atmosphere exists as: |
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Definition
|
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Term
| The largest reservoir of phosphorus in most ecosystems is: |
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Definition
| B) in rocks and sediments. |
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Term
| Nitrogen enters the food chain: |
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Definition
| A) primarily through soil-dwelling bacteria that “fix” it by attaching it to other atoms. |
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Term
Even though there is a carbon cycle, it now appears that CO2 levels are rising around the world. Which of the following best
explains this? |
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Definition
C) The burning of fossil fuels releases large amounts of CO2, thus increasing the average concentration of CO2 in the
atmosphere. |
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Term
| Which of the following statements about an organism's niche is INCORRECT? |
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Definition
| B) It may be occupied by two species. |
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Term
| The “competitive exclusion principle” states that: |
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Definition
| C) no two species competing for the same resources can stably coexist. |
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Term
| Resources often limit populations. When resources are used by more than one species, the initial result is: |
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Definition
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Term
| The intensity of competition between two species increases as: |
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Definition
| D) the similarity of their requirements and lifestyles increases. |
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Term
Prey reduce their risk of predation through physical and behavioral defenses. Which of the following is NOT a physical defense
for the reduction of predation? |
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Definition
| B) the spiciness of a jalapeño pepper |
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Term
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Definition
| D) froth at the mouth so as to increase the likelihood that the rabies-causing virus is passed on to another host. |
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Term
| In a commensal relationship: |
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Definition
| C) one species benefits while the other neither benefits nor is harmed. |
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Term
In reef-building corals, there is a symbiotic relationship between corals and a type of algae that live in their tissues. The corals gain
energy and oxygen from this association and the algae obtain CO2, nitrogen and a stable habitat. This type of relationship is best
categorized as: |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| E) play an unusually important role in determining the species composition in a habitat. |
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Term
| The total value of an ecosystem: |
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Definition
B) includes all of the values embodied by the ecosystem, including future uses and non-use values (such as cultural, symbolic,
and aesthetic values) of an ecosystem. |
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Term
| Species richness tends to increase toward the: |
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Definition
|
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Term
| One reason there is more species diversity in the tropics is: |
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Definition
| C) there is more solar energy available in the tropics than in the temperate zones. |
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Term
| A habitat with ____________________ disturbance is expected to have the greatest species richness. |
|
Definition
| A) an intermediate amount of |
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Term
| According to the theory of island biogeography, the “area effect” explains why: |
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Definition
| C) Bali has more species than Madagascar. |
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Term
According to the theory of island biogeography, which of the following islands should have the highest number of species at
equilibrium? |
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Definition
| B) a large island near the continent |
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Term
| The theory of island biogeography has value for conservation biology because: |
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Definition
| A) it gives us direction in the design of natural reserve areas. |
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Term
| Which of the following attributes of a species might render it especially susceptible to extinction? |
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Definition
| E) It has a narrow dispersal range. |
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Term
| Which of the following is currently the leading cause of extinction? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Which of the following is NOT a troublesome exotic species? |
|
Definition
| C) the common milkweed in the United States |
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Term
| In the United States, acid rain is most prevalent in: |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Ozone depletion is a cause for concern because: |
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Definition
| B) without the protection against solar radiation provided by ozone, rates of skin cancer are likely to increase. |
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Term
| Which of the following is the MOST species-rich terrestrial biome? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| ____________________ is responsible for the greatest loss of tropical forests. |
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Definition
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Term
| What does it mean in conservation biology to say a habitat is fragmented? |
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Definition
| B) The habitat exists in patches that are physically isolated from each other. |
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