Term
Match the Electrolyte Imbalance with the following:
Aldosterone deficiency
Water retention or water intoxication
Potassium deficiency (kidneys will retain K, excrete Na)
Diuretics
Nausea, vomiting, weakness, headache, seizures, coma |
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Definition
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Term
Match the Electrolyte Imbalance with the following:
Dehydration-#1 cause
Diabetes insipidus
Increased Na intake
Hypothalmic disease or head trauma
Decreased thirst (ex. Hypothalamic dz, elderly, infants, mentally impaired)
Mental changes, restlessness, twitching, fever, thirst, nausea |
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Definition
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Term
Match the Electrolyte Imbalance with the following:
GI loss
Urinary loss (renal disease)
Insulin overdose (K and gluc move into cells)
Alkalosis (as H moves out to maintain pH, K and Na move in)
Muscle weakness, paralysis, arrhythmia |
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Definition
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Term
Match the Electrolyte Imbalance with the following:
Red cell lysis / muscle injury
Chemotherapy and leukemia
Diabetes: low insulin causes serum buildup of K
Acidosis (H moves in, K moves out)
Muscle weakness, tingling, numbness, confusion, arrhythmias |
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Definition
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|
Term
Match the Electrolyte Imbalance with the following:
Prolonged vomiting
Aldosterone deficiency (along with Na) |
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Definition
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|
Term
Match the Electrolyte Imbalance with the following:
Bicarbonate loss (acidosis) |
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Definition
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Term
Match the Electrolyte Imbalance with the following:
Increased Levels of Bicarbonate HCO3- |
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Definition
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Term
Match the Electrolyte Imbalance with the following:
Decreased Levels of Bicarbonate HCO3- |
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Definition
|
|
Term
Match the Electrolyte Imbalance with the following:
Hypoparathyroidism
Vitamin D deficiency
Albumin deficiency ( affects total calcium only)
Cardiac irregularities, tetany and seizures |
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Definition
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|
Term
Match the Electrolyte Imbalance with the following:
Hyperparathyroidism
Malignancies, Multiple myeloma
Drowsiness, depression, coma |
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Definition
|
|
Term
Cardiac arrest may result in both hypo
and hyper_____ |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| By what 3 mechanisms regulate Potassium? |
|
Definition
1. Aldosterone, in exchange for Na
2. Na-K pump
3. insulin, which promotes the entry of K into cells |
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Term
Match the Electrolyte Imbalance with the following:
Poor diet / starvation
Malabsorption
Hyperparathyroidism and other dzs with
Increased Calcium
-kidneys excrete Mg to balance cations
Arrhythmias, tetany, psychiatric symptoms |
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Definition
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|
Term
Match the Electrolyte Imbalance with the following:
Renal failure, especially in combination with antacids
Bradycardia (slow heartbeat), decreased reflexes, lethargy |
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Definition
|
|
Term
Match the Electrolyte Imbalance with the following:
Common in hospitalized patients
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Hyperparathyroidism
Malaise, confusion, coma due to ATP depletion |
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Definition
|
|
Term
Match the Electrolyte Imbalance with the following:
Renal failure
Avoid hemolysis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What tubes should you avoid when determining Calcium levels? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Calcium exists in the plasma as what? |
|
Definition
*Free calcium ions or “ionized calcium”
*Bound to Albumin or other anions |
|
|
Term
| As Calcium Increases, what happens to PO4? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| As Calcium Decreases, what happens to PO4? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| As PTH Increases, what happens to PO4? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False:
Lactate (Lactic acid) is used to monitor critically ill patients for severity of illness and prognosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the sample requirements when testing for Lactate (Lactic Acid)? |
|
Definition
Don't use a tourniquet
Use heparinized blood or fluoride on ice |
|
|
Term
| What is the formula for the Anion Gap? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the reference range for (Na + K) - (Cl + HCO3)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the reference range for Na - (Cl + HCO3)? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the cause of a Decreased AG? |
|
Definition
| Rare, usually instrument error |
|
|
Term
| What is the cause of an Increased AG? |
|
Definition
Lactic acidosis
Alcohol or salicylate intoxication
Ketoacidosis (diabetes / starvation)
Renal failure |
|
|
Term
What is the following considered:
The presence of low blood pH, elevated AG, and elevated ΔOsmo (>15) |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| As a QC tool, an increased AG on a normal sample may indicate what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Give the acid-base disorder (uncompensated) associated with the following results:
Increased pH, Increased HCO3 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Give the acid-base disorder (uncompensated) associated with the following results:
Decreased pH, Increased CO2 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Give the acid-base disorder (uncompensated) associated with the following results:
Decreased pH, Decreased HCO3 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Give the acid-base disorder (uncompensated) associated with the following results:
Increased pH, Decreased CO2 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Match the cause with the likely acid-base disorder:
Pneumonia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Match the cause with the likely acid-base disorder:
Anxiety |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Match the cause with the likely acid-base disorder:
Diabetic ketoacidosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Match the cause with the likely acid-base disorder:
Emphysema |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Match the cause with the likely acid-base disorder:
Vomiting |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Match the cause with the likely acid-base disorder:
Morphine or alcohol |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Match the cause with the likely acid-base disorder:
Tissue hypoxia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Match the cause with the likely acid-base disorder:
Salicylate overdose |
|
Definition
| Metabolic acidosis & Respiratory alkalosis |
|
|
Term
Match the cause with the likely acid-base disorder:
Diuretics |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the preferred anticoagulant for arterial blood gas collection? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Are there any other special handling requirements for Blood Gas Analysis? |
|
Definition
| Cap the needle, put on ice, test within 30 min |
|
|
Term
List the effect of an air bubble and a delay in testing on ABG results for:
pO2 |
|
Definition
Air Bubble - Increased
Delay in Testing - Decreased |
|
|
Term
List the effect of an air bubble and a delay in testing on ABG results for:
pCO2 |
|
Definition
Air Bubble - Decreased
Delay in Testing - Increased |
|
|
Term
List the effect of an air bubble and a delay in testing on ABG results for:
pH |
|
Definition
Air Bubble - Increased
Delay in Testing - Decreased |
|
|
Term
| What methodology measures current that flows through a system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the blood gas commonly measured by this method |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What methodology measures the voltage difference between 2 electrodes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two types of electrodes used in the Potentiometry system? |
|
Definition
| Reference and Sample (indicator) |
|
|
Term
| Name the analytes commonly measured by the Potentiometry system method |
|
Definition
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