Term
| What is natural selection? |
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Definition
| Differential survival & reproduction of genotypes |
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Term
| What are the goals of natural selection? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the conditions of natural selection? |
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Definition
Trait variation
Inheritance
Fitness differences |
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Term
| What are the main nutrient cycles? |
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Definition
| Phosphorus, Nitrogen, & Carbon |
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Term
| Of the nutrient cycles, which are limiting? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the Brown food web? |
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Definition
| Part of the food web that contains decomposers |
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Term
| What is the ecological efficiency? |
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Definition
| The rate at which consumers extract energy from food |
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Term
| What happens to energy that isn't passed to the next tropic level? |
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Definition
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Term
Why are energy flows inefficient?
(4) |
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Definition
Organism needs to...
Maintain normal metabolism
Convert food into a usable form
Deter enemies
There is an indigestible fraction all food |
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Term
What are the ecological pyramids?
(3) |
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Definition
Pyramid of energy
Pyramid of individuals
Pyramid of numbers |
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Term
|
Definition
| # of actual links/# of possible links |
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Term
| Why do most food chains have no more than 7 levels? |
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Definition
Inefficiency of energy transfer between trophic levels
Only 10% of energy from 1 trophic level is passed to the next level |
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Term
| ___ complexity decreases with number of species |
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Definition
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Term
| ___ complexity increases with number of species |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Who is included in horizontal links? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| Who are included in vertical links? |
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Definition
Herbivores
Predators
Parasites |
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Term
|
Definition
| Where all food chains are linked together |
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Term
|
Definition
| 1 pathway of energy & nutrients |
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Term
|
Definition
| A position on a food chain |
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Term
| What are the types of freshwater ecosystems? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are some examples of a lentic freshwater ecosystem? |
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Definition
| Basin, ponds, lakes, bogs |
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Term
| This freshwater community depends on altitude, latitude, depth, surface/volume ration, pH, nutrients, oxygen, & substrate |
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Definition
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Term
These can be found along estuaries
(2) |
|
Definition
Mangrove forest
Salt marshes |
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Term
|
Definition
| Where fresh water flows into the ocean |
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Term
What are the characteristics of an intertidal ecosystem?
(5) |
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Definition
Harsh conditions
Inundated & dessication
High irradiance
Extreme temperature changes
Exposed to mechanical pounding |
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Term
| What is characteristic of a pelagic? |
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Definition
| Typically lack structure & poor in nutrients |
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Term
| What is characteristic of a montane community? |
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Definition
| Abrupt changes in ecosystems with an increase in elevation |
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Term
What are some characteristics of a tundra ecosystem?
(3) |
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Definition
Very short growing season
Permafrost
Treeless |
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Term
| What are some examples of a taiga ecosystem? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| What are some characteristics of a taiga ecosystem? |
|
Definition
Dominated by spruce trees
Lots of standing water
Long, severe winters |
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Term
| What are some examples tropical grasslands & savannas? |
|
Definition
Serengeti
The Llanos
The Great Savanna |
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Term
| What is characteristic of desert grasslands? |
|
Definition
| Short grass prairie but different species |
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Term
| What is characteristic of tropical grasslands & savannas? |
|
Definition
| Warm but seasonal drought |
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Term
| This ecosystem is characterized by vast, treeless plains & long, severe winters |
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Definition
|
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Term
| ___ grasslands can arise after some disturbance and are usually temporary |
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Definition
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Term
| What covers over 24% of earth's land? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
What are some characteristics of deserts?
(4) |
|
Definition
Very harsh environment
Dry
Extreme temperature changes
High irradiance |
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Term
| What are some adaptions of desert organisms? |
|
Definition
Water retention, storage
Large ears
Estivation
Rete mirabile
CAM photosynthesis |
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Term
|
Definition
| Where evaporation exceeds precipitation over the course of a year |
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Term
| Where can the tallest trees on earth be found? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where can temperate forests be found? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| What is the definition of ecosystem? |
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Definition
| Communities of organisms & their abiotic environment survey of major ecosystems |
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Term
What are some characteristics of tropical forests?
(7) |
|
Definition
High species richness
Nutrient poor soils
Lianas
Epiphytes
Emergents
Tree support systems
Trees with stilts |
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Term
| Which tropical forest is considered aseasonal? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| Which terrestrial habitats have the highest g/m2/yr? |
|
Definition
Tropical forest
Temperate forest
Taiga
Savanna
Temperate grassland |
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Term
| Which aquatic habitats have the highest g/m2/yr? |
|
Definition
Kelp forest
Coral reef
Estuaries
Lotic & lentic |
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|
Term
| Name the tropical forest categories |
|
Definition
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