Germinal epithelium: simple squamous or low cuboidal

Tunica albuginea: dense irregular collagenous CT

Cortical region: CT stroma is framework, SM, and follicles

medullary region: core of ovary, blood vessels, lymphatics, nerves and is spongy

amount of DNA in 23 double chromatid chromosomes

or

amount of DNA in 46 sing chromatid chromosomes

46 single chromatid chromosomes(2n-2d) duplicate during S-phase of Interphase to form

46 double chromatid chromosomes (2n-4d)

stops at meiosis I at prophase

at this point the oocyte is called a primary oocyte at prophase I (2n-4d)

Prenatally: there are 46 double chromatid

meiosis I begins and stops at prophase until oocyte is ovulated around age 13

note: when primordial cell enters meiosis I it is called a primary oocyte

primary oocyte:

they remain dormant at prophase I

Anaphase I of meiosis I

they become secondary oocytes: 1n-2d, at the end of meiosis I

no interphase for meiosis II

no interphase

begins right after meiosis I

division will progress and STOP and remain suspended at Metaphase II in mature Graafian follicle.

AT ovulation the secondary oocyte is released into the uterine tube.

Meisosi II will be completed and give rise to mature ovum only if it is fertilized by a sperm.

when does meiosis I begin?

what is oocyte called at birth?

what occurs prior to ovulation?

what occurs at ovulation?

what occurs at fertilization?

1. meiosis I: prenatally

2. At birth: primary oocyte

3. prior to ovulation: meiosis I is completed and 1n-2d

4. ovulation: secondary oocyte stopped at metaphase II is released to uterine tube

5. fertilization: with sperm meiosis II is complete--> mature ovum (1n-1d)

during meiosis II each of the 23 (double chromatid chromosomes) split into a gamete(1n-1d)

when does follicle developement begin?

puberty

An ovarian follicle consists of:

an oocyte and follicular cells( one or more layers)

an ovarian follicle is stimulated by FSH released by pituitary, and usually only one secondary oocyte is ovulated

Mature (graafian) follicles

primordial, growing, primary, and secondary follicles contain a primary oocyte in prophase I

primary follicle (unilaminar), primary oocyte produces activin which stimulates stratification of follicular cells

Multilaminar is a late primary follicle: avascular, gap junctions, follicular cells have filopodia, oocyte has microvilli

theca interna

functions of the liquor folliculi, antrum

cumulus oophorus

corona radiata?

liquor folliculi: secretes fluid plasma transudates

antrum: fluid filled cavity

cumulus oophorus: mound of follicular cells containing oocytes

corona radiata: follicular cells surrounding the oocyte, forms a Crown!

what hormones are released during ovulation?

and what cell is released when the follicular cells burst?

FSH and LH, around day 14 of 28

a Secondary oocyte stuck in Metaphase II

Gn-RH->gonadotropes->FSH LH->ovary (ovulation)

unsuccessful: becomes CL of mestration and stays embedd in endocrine glane

successful: granulosa and thecal cells become the CL of pregnancy and maintained by release of hCG.

hCG is found in urine: preg. test

granulosa cells become granulosa-lutein cells and synthesize PG and convert androgens into estrogen

Theca interna cells become theca-lutein cells and synthesize PG, estrogens and androgens

Ampulla:

it is 2/3 of the tubes length

mucosa: longitudinal folds, simple columnar, ciliated, nonciliated peg cell produce nutrients for sperm, lamina propria

muscularis: SM, infundibulum and ampulla for peristaltic waves, thick circular spiral inner fibers, thin long. outer fibers

Serosa: mesosalpinx and visceral peritoneum

stratum functionale

the stratum basale repaves the functional layer 

spiral arteries supply functional layer

straight arteries supply basal layer

endo: mucosa simple columnar ciliate and nonciliated

myo: for pregnancy hypertrophy increase size, hyperpasty increase in number of SM cells

peri: outer layer contains serosa and adventitia

1-4 days

no implantation

CL stops after 14 days

PG and estrogen Decrease

blood flow inhibited to SM

necrosis of SM

slough off of endometruim

bleed

4-15 days

estrogen stimulate proliferation of functional layer to repave for follicle maturation in preparation for ovulation of oocyte

15-28 days

starts after ovulation

Progesterone stimulate glycoproteins by uterine gland

to form the corpus luteum

stratified squamous nonkeratinizing epithelium

lamina propria has NO GLANDS and abundant ELASTIC FIBERS

Adventitia

mammary glands have: compound tubuloalveolar glands

pregnant women have acini

the arcuate arteries supply?

the spiral arteries supply?

the straight supply?

arcuate: middle layer of myometrium

spiral: functional layer

Straight: supply basal layer