Term
| The Central Nervous System is composed of the _____ and the ______ ____ |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-Enhancement of the anterior portion of the CNS
- Increase in number of neurons in the brain
- Most advanced level is reached in the human brain |
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Term
| Brain ventricles arise from expansion of the _____ of the neural canal |
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Definition
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| Brain ventricles are hollow spaces filled with _____________ _____ |
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Definition
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| The ventricles are the paired C-shaped _______ __________ of the telencephalon |
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Definition
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| The _____ ventricle is found in the diencephalon |
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Definition
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| The ______ ventricle is found in the hindbrain dorsal to the pons |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the superior part of the brain and makes up 83% of its mass? |
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Definition
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Definition
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| Shallow groove of the brain |
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Definition
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| What structure in the body has two hemispheres separated by the longitudinal fissure |
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Definition
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| What structure in the body has 3 basic regions called the cortex (grey matter), inner white matter, and basal nuclei? |
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Definition
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Term
| Deep sulci divide the hemispheres into five lobes. Name them. |
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Definition
1. Frontal
2. Parietal
3. Temporal
4. Occipital
5. Insula |
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Term
| What sulcus separates the frontal and parietal lobes? |
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Definition
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Term
| What sulcus separates the parietal and occipital lobes? |
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Definition
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| What sulcus separates the parietal and temporal lobes? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is superficial grey matter that accounts for 40% of the mass of the brain? |
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Definition
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Term
| What largely consists of neuron soma? |
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Definition
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Term
| What part of the brain enables sensation, communication, memory, understanding, and voluntary movements |
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Definition
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Term
| Each hemispheres acts _______________, controlling the opposite side of the body |
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Definition
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Term
| Brain hemispheres are not equal in ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Conscious behavior involves the entire ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| The three cortical functional areas are: |
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Definition
1. Motor areas
2. Sensory areas
3. Association areas |
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Term
| What is the general function of the frontal area of the cerebral cortex? |
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Definition
| Voluntary motor function and areas of planning, mood, and smell |
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Term
| What is the general function of the parietal area of the cerebral cortex? |
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Definition
| Sensory reception and integration of sensory information |
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Term
| What is the general function of the occipital area of the cerebral cortex? |
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Definition
| Visual reception and processing |
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Term
| What is the general function of the temporal area of the cerebral cortex? |
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Definition
| Hearing, smell, learning, memory, and emotional behaviors |
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Term
| Where is the primary motor cortex located? |
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Definition
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Term
| What cortex allows conscious control of precise, skilled, voluntary movements? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the caricature of relative amounts of cortical tissue devoted to each motor function? |
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Definition
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Term
| What controls learned repetitive motor skills (typing, playing instruments)? |
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Definition
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Term
| What area is involved in controlling muscles involved in speech? |
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Definition
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Term
| What area is primarily involved in controlling muscles involved in eye movements? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is the primary somatosensory cortex? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of the primary somatosensory cortex? |
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Definition
-It receives information from the skin and skeletal muscles
- Exhibits spatial discrimination |
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Term
| What is the sensory areas? |
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Definition
- Somatosensory association cortex
- Visual and auditory areas
- Olfactory, gustatory, and vestibular cortices |
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Term
| What is the the caricature of relative amounts of cortical tissue devoted to each sensory function? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is it called when each hemisphere has abilities not shared by its partner? |
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Definition
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Term
| This designates the hemisphere dominant for language |
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Definition
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Term
| What functions are primarily associated with the left hemisphere? |
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Definition
| Language, Math, and logic |
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Term
| What functions are primarily associated with the right hemisphere? |
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Definition
| Visual-spatial skills, emotion, and artistic skills |
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Term
| White matter in the cerebrum consists of deep __________ ______ and their tracts |
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Definition
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Term
| The white matter of the cerebrum is responsible for the communication between...? |
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Definition
| The cerebral cortex and lower CNS centers, and between areas of the cerebral cortex |
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Term
| Connections between hemispheres are made by: (3) |
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Definition
1. Commissural fibers
2. Association fibers
3. Projection fibers |
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Term
| Which fibers connect corresponding gray areas of the two hemispheres? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which fiber connects different parts of the same hemisphere? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which fibers enter the hemispheres from lower brain or cord centers? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the masses of gray matter found deep within the cortical white matter? |
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Definition
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Term
| The corpus striatum is composed of what three parts? |
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Definition
1. Caudate nucleus
2. Lentiform nucleus
3. Fibers of internal capsule |
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Term
| What is the lentiform nucleus composed of? |
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Definition
-Putamen
- Globus pallidus |
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Term
| What functions are associated with the basal nuclei? (4) |
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Definition
1. Influence and coordinate control of muscular activity
2. Regulate attention and cognition
3. Regulate intensity of slow or stereotyped movements
4. Inhibit antagonistic and unnecessary movement |
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Term
| What is the central core of the forebrain? |
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Definition
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Term
| The diencephalon consists of what three parts? |
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Definition
| Thalamus, Hypothalamus, epithalamus |
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Term
| The diencephalon encloses which ventricle? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where do all afferent impulses from all senses converge and synapse? |
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Definition
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Term
| Impulses of similar function are______ ___, ______, and _______ as a group. |
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Definition
| Sorted out, edited, relayed |
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Term
| All imputs _________ to the cerebral cortex pass through the thalamus |
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Definition
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Term
| The thalamus plays a key role in these things (5) |
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Definition
Mediating sensation
motor activities
cortical arousal
learning
memory |
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Term
| What brain structure is located below the thalamus, caps the brainstem and forms the inferolateral walls of the third ventricle? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the stalk of the hypothalamus called that connects the pituitary gland? |
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Definition
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Term
| The hypothalamus is the main ________ control center of the body |
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Definition
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Term
| What structure regulates blood pressure, rate and force of heartbeat, digestive tract mobility, rate and depth of breathing, and many other visceral activities? |
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Definition
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Term
| The hypothalamus if involved with perception of ________, ____, and ____. |
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Definition
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Term
| What brain structure controls the mechanisms needed to maintain normal body temperature (thermoregulation)? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which structure regulates the feelings of hunger and satiety? |
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Definition
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Term
| The hypothalamus regulates _____ and the _____ cycle. (hint: 1 word for both blanks) |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most dorsal portion of the diencephalon that forms the roof of the third ventricle? |
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Definition
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Term
| What gland extends from the posterior border and secretes melatonin? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a hormone involved with sleep regulation, sleep-wake cycles, and mood |
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Term
| What is the structure that secretes cerebrospinal fluid? |
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Definition
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Term
| The _________ consists of the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata |
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Definition
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Term
| The brain stem is similar to the spinal cord but it contains ________ ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| The brain stem controls _________ behaviors necessary for survival. |
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Definition
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Term
| What structure provides the pathway for tracts between higher and lower brain centers? |
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Definition
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Term
| This structure is associated with 10 of the 12 pairs of cranial nerves |
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Definition
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Term
| The midbrain is located between which two structures? |
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Definition
| between the diencephalon and the pons |
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Term
| The midbrain structures include...(2) |
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Definition
| Cerebral punducles, cerebral aqueduct, various nuclei |
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Term
| The two bulging structures that contain descending pyramidal motor tracts in the midbrain are called what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the hollow tube that connects the third and fourth ventricles? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the functions of the midbrain? (4) |
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Definition
- Coordination of head/eye movement
- Startle reflexes
- Integration with the basal nuclei
- Relay "stations" for descending motor pathways |
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Term
| What is the bulging brainstem region between the midbrain and the medulla oblongata? |
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Definition
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Term
| The ____ forms part of the anterior wall of the fourth ventricle |
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Definition
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Term
| What do the fibers of the pons do? (2) |
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Definition
- Connect higher brain centers and the spinal cord
- Relay impulses between the motor cortex and the cerebellum |
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Term
| Sleep, hearing, balance, taste, facial expression and sensation, respiration, swallowing, bladder control and posture are all functions processed through which brain structure? |
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Definition
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Term
| The pons is the origin of which three nerves? |
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Definition
Cranial nerve V (trigeminal)
Cranial nerve VI (abducens)
Cranial nerve VII (facial) |
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Term
| What is the most inferior part of the brain stem? |
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Definition
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Term
| Along with the pons, what structure forms the ventral wall of the fourth ventricle? |
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Definition
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Term
| The two longitudinal ridges formed by corticospinal tracts |
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Definition
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Term
| Where do cranial nerves X, XI, and XII originate? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the nuclei that mediate and maintain equilibrium? |
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Definition
| Vestibular nuclear complex |
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Term
| What brain structure is located dorsal to the pons and medulla and protrudes under the occipital lobes of the cerebrum? |
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Definition
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Term
| The cerebellum makes up __% of the brain mass |
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Definition
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Term
| The cerebellum provides precise timing and appropriate patterns of ________ ______ contraction |
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Definition
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Term
| Cerebellar activity occurs _____________ |
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Definition
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