Term
| What are the conducting airways? |
|
Definition
-nose & paranasal sinuses
-pharynx
-larynx
-trachea: extra & intrathoracic
-bronchi, bronchioles |
|
|
Term
| What are the gas exchanging surfaces? |
|
Definition
| -parenchyma: alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, alveoli, vascular, interstitium |
|
|
Term
| What is the significance of Poiseuille's Law? |
|
Definition
| -dec radius of airway has a huge change in rate of air flow |
|
|
Term
| What is Dyspnea? What is its significance? |
|
Definition
-labored breathing, change in posuture
-resp dz except purely nasal dz |
|
|
Term
| What other CS do we see w/ dyspnea? |
|
Definition
-change in resp pattern
-change in behavior: quiet, anxious if handled
-change in posture
-resp m recruitment: paradoxical breathing pattern |
|
|
Term
| Why does body position change w/ dyspnea? |
|
Definition
| -attempt to dec airway resistance: open mouth nasal flare, elbows out, neck extended |
|
|
Term
| What is orthopnea? What does it suggest? |
|
Definition
-ability to breahte easier while in sternal position
-bilateral pulmonary edema |
|
|
Term
| What does an inspiratory dyspnea suggest? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does expiratory dyspnea suggest? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does inspiratory & expiratory dyspnea suggest? |
|
Definition
| -parenchymal dz: alveoli, interstiital, vascular |
|
|
Term
| What does restrivtive resp dz look like? What does it suggest? |
|
Definition
-short, shallow, rapid
-pleural dz |
|
|
Term
| What is paradoxical resp? |
|
Definition
-inward collapse of ribs during inspiration
-inward movement of abdomen on inspiration
-outward movement of abdomen on expiration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-bluish to red-purple color of tissues
-deoxygenated hemoglobin 3-5g/dl |
|
|
Term
| What kind of resp dz does cyanosis suggest? |
|
Definition
| -any except purely nasal dz |
|
|
Term
| What causes central cyanosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What causes peripheral cyanosis? |
|
Definition
| -localized stagnant blood flow (ex: saddle thrombus) |
|
|
Term
| What is tachypnea? Significance? |
|
Definition
-inc resp rate
-any resp dz |
|
|
Term
| What is hyperpnea? Significance? |
|
Definition
-inc resp depth
-any resp dz |
|
|
Term
| What physiologically causes exercise intolerance? |
|
Definition
-inc O2 demand
-shortened RBC transit thru pulm a |
|
|
Term
| What physiologically causes fever? |
|
Definition
-response to inflammation
-hypothalamic thermoregulatory set point rest while body works to maintain elevated body temp |
|
|
Term
| What physiologically cause hyperthermia? |
|
Definition
| -NOT due to inflammation but due to exercise or inadequate heat dissipation while the body works to dec inc BT |
|
|
Term
| What are some ex of fever etiolgoies? |
|
Definition
-viral rhinotracheitis: cats
-infecitons tracheobronchitis: dog
-bronchopneumonia & pyothroax |
|
|
Term
| What are some ex of hyperthermia etiologies? |
|
Definition
-most commonly pharyngeal, laryngeal, or tracheal dz
-ex: Brachycephalic syndrome, laryngeal paralysis, tracheal collapse |
|
|
Term
| What does stertor indicate? Common causes? |
|
Definition
-shorting sound localizing nasal or nasopharyngeal dz
-ex: Brachycephalics, Rhinitis, nasal neoplasia, pharyngitis, pharyngeal FB/polyp |
|
|
Term
| What does stridor indicate? Common causes? |
|
Definition
-harsh, hich pitched inspiratory sound
-indicates laryngeal or tracheal dz
-ex: laryngeal paralysis, laryngitis, laryngeal neoplasia, tracheal collapse |
|
|
Term
| What nerve controls sneezing? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is suggested by sneezing + pawing at face? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common cause of sneezing in the cat? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some common causes of unilateral nasal discharge? |
|
Definition
-FB
-neoplasia
-tooth root abscess
-rhinitis |
|
|
Term
| What are some common causes of bilateral nasal discharge? |
|
Definition
-rhinitis: biral, bacterial, fungal, allergic, idiopathic
-neoplasia: crosses nasal septum
-systemic dz |
|
|
Term
| What is reverse sneezing? |
|
Definition
| -paroxysmal, noisy labored inspiratory effort |
|
|
Term
| What are some techniques to stop reverse sneezing? |
|
Definition
-palpate pharyngeal area: induce swallowing
-cover nares
-distraction technique: loud noise |
|
|
Term
| What nervous structures control coughing? |
|
Definition
-vagus n is sensory
-central cough center: brainstem, pons
-effectors: glottis & exp mm |
|
|
Term
| What does a moist cough indicate? |
|
Definition
| -inc airway secretion or edema |
|
|
Term
| What does a honking cough indicate? |
|
Definition
| -tracheal or bronchial dz |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -expectoration of blood or bloody mucus from below the larynx |
|
|
Term
| What are some common causes of hemoptysis? |
|
Definition
-PTE
-dirofilariasis
-cardiogenic pulmonary edema
-bacterial or fungal pneumonia
-bronchial FB
-lung lobe torsion
-neoplasia
-coagulopathy |
|
|
