Term
| What is Legg-Calve-Perthes? |
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Definition
| -avascular necrosis of the femoral head |
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Term
| What is the etiology of Legg-Calve-Perthes? |
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Definition
| -vascular supply to femoral head epiphysis is damaged => secondary necrosis => collapse of femoral head => pain + OA |
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Term
| What is the typical signalment of Legg-Calve-Perthes? |
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Definition
-toy breeds
-inherited: Mini Poodle, Terriers
-4-11m
-12-16% bilateral |
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Term
| How do we diagnose Legg-Calve-Perthes? |
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Definition
-signalment!
-physical exam: acute onset, hindlamb lameness, pain on ROM
-rads |
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Term
| What do we see on rads with early Legg-Calve-Perthes? |
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Definition
-inc pacity of lateral epiphysis
-inc joint space due to effusion |
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Term
| What do we see on rads with alte Legg-Calve-Perthes? |
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Definition
-flattened femoral head
-thickening of femoral neck
-/+ femoral neck fracture
-secondary OA changes |
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Term
| How do we treat early Legg-Calve-Perthes? |
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Definition
-conservative management: 25% success
-Robinson sling, pain control |
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Term
| How do we treat late Legg-Calve-Perthes? |
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Definition
-total hip arthroplasty
-femoral head and neck ostectomy (FHO) |
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Term
| What are the other names for panosteitis? |
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Definition
-pano
-eosinophilic panosteitis
-juveile osteomyelitis
-shifting leg lameness |
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Term
| What bones and parts of bones are diseased with panosteitis? |
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Definition
-endosteum and bone marrow
-forelimb > hindlimb |
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Term
| What is the etiology of panosteitis? |
|
Definition
| -inc intraosseous pressure due to protein accumulation near nutrient foramen |
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Term
| What is the etiology of the pan from panosteitis? |
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Definition
| -from medullary hypertension, stimulation of pain receptors in the periosteum |
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Term
| What is the typical signalment of panosteitis? |
|
Definition
-5-18m
-male > female
-large, giant breeds, terriers too |
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Term
| What are the clinical manifestations of panosteitis? |
|
Definition
-shifting leg lameness, mild to severe
-can be lethargic
-pain is cyclic and recurrent
-anorexia, fever |
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Term
| What do we see on physical exam of panosteitis? |
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Definition
| -pain on palpation of diaphysis |
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Term
| What do we see on rads with panosteitis? |
|
Definition
-radiodense, pathcy infiltrates in marrow cavity
-widening of nutrient foramen |
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Term
| How do we treat panosteitis? |
|
Definition
-self-limiting!!!
-analgesics: NSAIDs, tramadol
-rest and nursing care
-examine for other juvenile arthopedic dz |
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Term
| What is the prognosis of panosteitis? |
|
Definition
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Term
| What are the other names for Hypertrophic Osteodystrophy (HOD)? |
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Definition
-Scurvy
-Moeller-Barlow-dz
-Metaphyseal osteopathy
-Osteodystrophy Type I and II
-Hypovitaminosis C |
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Term
| What is the etiology behind HOD? |
|
Definition
-sepsis
-heritable: Weimeraner, Irish Setter
-Distemper vaccination |
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Term
| What is the typical signalment of HOD? |
|
Definition
-juvenile large or giant breed dogs
-rapid growing
-<12m
-Breeds: GSD, Irish Setter, Weimaraner, Great Dane |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| -disease of long bones, distal metaphyses: capillary loops become necrotic, vascular congestion, edema, metaplastic cartilage/bone |
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Term
|
Definition
-acute onset of lameness
-systemic signs
-pain, swelling, heat around metaphyses of all 4 limbs: distal metaphyses more common
-rads |
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Term
| What do we see on rads with HOD? |
|
Definition
-irregular, radiolucent line in metaphysis adjacent and parallel to physis: double physeal line
-metaphyseal flaring
-etaphyseal sclerosis
-chronic = limb deformities |
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Term
|
Definition
-analgesics: NSAIDs
-blood cultures +/- antbiotics
-supportive care: hydration, prevent decubital ulcers |
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Term
| What is the prognosis of HOD? |
|
Definition
-self-limiting usually!
-excellent, but may recur
-angular limb deformity: rare |
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Term
| What is osteochondrosis (OC)? |
|
Definition
| -defect of normal endochondral ossification |
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Term
| What is the typical signalment of OC? |
|
Definition
-juvenile large/giant breed dogs
-largest puppy in the litter |
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Term
| What is the most common location of OC? |
|
Definition
-shoulder most common
-others: elbow, stifle, hock |
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Term
| What are the clinical manifestations of OC? |
|
Definition
-variable lameness
-pain with ROM
-dec ROM
-variable muscle atrophy
-often bilateral
-effusion |
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Term
| What do we see on rads with OCD? |
|
Definition
| -dibot of subchondral bone |
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Term
| Which rad view do we use to see caudal humeral head OCD? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which rad view do we use to see medial aspect of humeral condyle OCD? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| Which rad view do we use to see medial aspect of lateral femoral condyle OCD? |
|
Definition
-AP
-also for trochlear ridges of hock |
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Term
| What are out treatment goals of OCD? |
|
Definition
-remove cartilage flap
-curettage/debridement of subchondral bone |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| What is the prognosis of OC/OCD? |
|
Definition
-shoulder: best of all joints, excellent
-elbow/stifle: good
-hock: guarded |
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Term
| What is hypertrophic osteophathy? |
|
Definition
| -diffuse periosteal rxn resulting in new bone formation around MC/MT/long bones |
|
|
Term
| What is the etiology of HO? |
|
Definition
-paraneoplastic syndrome
-seocndary |
|
|
Term
| Describe the pathogenesis of HO. |
|
Definition
| =alterations in pulmonary function => inc blood flow => congestion of CT => periosteum responds with new bone formation |
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Term
| What is the clinical presnetation of O? |
|
Definition
-reluctance to mobe
-swelling of distal extremities
-lethargy |
|
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Term
| What do we see on rads of HO to diagnose? |
|
Definition
-uniform periosteal proliferation, progresses proximally
-articular surfaces are normal
-rads and U/S |
|
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Term
|
Definition
-treat the underlying dz process
-resolves with resolution of primary dz |
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