Term
| In what terms do we measure the productivity of any swine operation? What is the goal? |
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Definition
-number of pigs weaned per sow per year
-want 26-28 |
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Term
| What is the age of puberty in the pig? |
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Definition
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Term
| What kind of estrous cycle do pigs have? |
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Definition
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Term
| On average, how long is the sow's estrous cycle? How long does estrus last in sows and gilts? |
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Definition
-20.5 days
-gilst = 36-48 h & sows = 48-72h |
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Term
| When during estrus does ovulation ovvur in the pig? |
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Definition
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Term
| When during estrus do you breed a gilt? A sow? |
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Definition
-gilts: within 12-18 hours of beginning of estrus
-sows within 18-24 |
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Term
| Why do we bother with a second breeding in the pig? |
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Definition
| -increeases conception rate and litter size |
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Term
| What are the signs of estrus in the pig? |
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Definition
-fence walking/seeking boards
-vulvar swelling
-mucus discharge
-grunting
-standing sawhorse
-tilted ears |
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Term
| How does the presence of a bar affect the signs of estrus exhibited by a pig? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| When does the CL mature in the sow/gilt? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| When do we select our breeding pigs? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| How do we induce estrus in the gilt? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| How does luteolysin work in the gilt? |
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Definition
| -PGF2a causes CL regression on or after day 12 of the cycle but not very effective before that |
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Term
| What causes the anovulatory heat in 10-15% of sows on day 3 after farrowing? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| How do we synchronize pigs? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| How do we diagnose pregnancy in the pig? |
|
Definition
-failure to return to estrus
-visual exam
-estrone sulfate after day 18 |
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Term
| What do we use A mode ultrasound for in a potentially pregnant pig? What about real time B mode? |
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Definition
-A mode detects fetal fluid
-B mode shows fetus itself |
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Term
| When does the concuptus begin to produce estradiol in the pig? What does this do? |
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Definition
-10-12 days
-shifts distribution of PGF1a from uterine vasculature into the uterine lumen |
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Term
| What is the minimum number and arrangement of embryos to support pregnancy in the pig? |
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Definition
| -four synchronous developing embryons, 2 in each horn |
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Term
| How long is gestation in the pig? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What are the signs of parturition in the sow? |
|
Definition
-vulvar relaxation and udder developent
-milk in glands 2-24h prior to birth
-nesting for several hours |
|
|
Term
| How long does stage I parturition take in the sow? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| How long does stage II parturition take in the sow? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| HOw do we induce parturition in the sow? |
|
Definition
-10 mg Lutalyze or 125-250ug Estrumate
-use oxytocin 24h after |
|
|
Term
| what are the three major causes of pig dystocias? |
|
Definition
-uterine inertia: primary
-disproportion: secondary
-malposition: secondary |
|
|
Term
| What is the normal occurrence of stillbirths in pigs? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What factors can lead to non-infectious stillbirths? |
|
Definition
-parity over 6
-large or small litters
-large or small pigs
-long farrowing period
-birth interval longerthan fifteen mins
-too fat or thin pig
-umbilical cord rupture
-anemic sows
-hot weather
-carbon monoxide
-hypocalcemia
-vit E deficiency |
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|
Term
| How do we prevent non-infectious stillbirths? |
|
Definition
-oxytocin at a low dose
-monitor farrowin
-induced parturition with attendance |
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|
Term
| HOw many times a week can a boar be used? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When should you time mating relative to ovulation? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Why is uterine size important? |
|
Definition
| -uterine size will limit the number of embryos that survive after day 25 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-procine parvo virus
-porcine entero virus
-PRRS
-EMC
-pseudorabies
-porcine influenza virus
-TGE
-japanese encephalitis virus |
|
|
Term
| How is porcine parvo passed? Where in the body does it replciate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What effects does porcine parvo have on the fetus? |
|
Definition
-fetal vasculitis
-<35 days: embryonic death
-day 35-70: mummification |
|
|
Term
| Which group of animals is most susceptible to porcine parvo? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does porcine enterovirus cause in adult female pigs? |
|
Definition
| -enteritis, pneumonia, and infertility |
|
|
Term
| What does porcine enterovirus cause in boars? |
|
Definition
| -testicular degeneration and seminal vesculitis |
|
|
Term
| What happens if the sow is infected with porcine enterovirus before day 30? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens if the sow is infected iwht PEV at day 30-70? |
|
Definition
| -resorption and mummification |
|
|
Term
| What happens if the sow is infected with PEV after ay 70? |
|
Definition
| -abortion, mummification, and stillbirths |
|
|
Term
| What does EMC virus cause in young pigs? IHow is it transmitted to fetus? |
|
Definition
-non-supportive myocarditis
-transplacental transmission |
|
|
Term
| What kind of virus is PRRS? Describe the respiratory form. |
|
Definition
-lelystad virus
-preweaning mortality inc and nursery mortality inc |
|
|
Term
| Describe the repro form of PRRS. |
|
Definition
-SMEDI with still births most common
-in semen
-causes infertility |
|
|
Term
| How do we avoid bactrial infections introduced at breeding/parturition in the farrowing crate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do we diagnose bacterial infections from farrowing crate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do we treat bacterial infections? |
|
Definition
-use clean breeding lots and give antibiotics before and after
-boar prepuce flushed and treated with antibiotics
-clean farrowing crates daily
-all in all out |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of septicemia in sows? |
|
Definition
| -fever and abort 2-3 days |
|
|
Term
| What causes septicemic abortion in sows? |
|
Definition
-Streptococci
-Strep suis type II
-e coli
-erysipelas
-salmonellosis
-pasteurellosis
-hemophilus parahemolyticus and parasuis |
|
|
Term
| How do we diagnose septicemic abortion in sows? |
|
Definition
| -isolate organism from sow's blood |
|
|
Term
| What two organisms cause abortion without septicemia in sows? |
|
Definition
-leptospirosis
-brucellosis |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common lepto isolate in swine? What is the reservoir? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In addition to Pomona, what other lepto serovar is significant in swine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the pathogenesis of leptospirosis in the adult swine. |
|
Definition
| -mild fever sometimes and voids lepto in urine in 10 dyas with lepto chronically in kidney tubuls and repro tract |
|
|
Term
| What happens if pregnant sow is infected with lepto during first 30 days of gestation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens if pregnant sows are infected with lepto during second 30 days of gestation? |
|
Definition
| -fetal deat and absroption |
|
|
Term
| What happens if pregnant sows are infected with lepto during last half of gestation? |
|
Definition
| -abortion, stillbirths, or mummification |
|
|
Term
| How do we diagnose lepto in swine? |
|
Definition
-serology
-dark field exam of aborted pericardium or kidney |
|
|
Term
| How do we control swine lepto? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of Brucella suis in swine? |
|
Definition
-epididymitis and orchitis in boars
-infertility
-abortions |
|
|
Term
| How do we diagnose B. suis in swine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What protozoa is usually responsible for single sow abortion? Other clinical signs? |
|
Definition
-toxoplasmosis
-also still births and CNS signs in newborns |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of eperythrozoonosis in swine? |
|
Definition
-failure to exhibit estrus
-repeat breeding
-abortions
-prolonged farrowing
-agalactia
-anemia in piglets |
|
|
Term
| What fungi can cause abortion in swine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What can be in moldy feed that can cause odd repro behavior in swine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In addition to zeralenone, what are some other toxins that affect repro behavior in swine? |
|
Definition
-T-2
-fumonisin
-apsergillosis flavus
-clavceps purpurea (ergotoxin)
-nitrates
-CO |
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