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| Asthma is a disorder caused by ______ of the airways. |
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| The correlation between obesity in parents and obesity in their children tends to be: |
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| When you look at the rate of growth for children from ages 6 to 11, you see that: |
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| children grow more slowly than they did in early childhood. |
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| In the United States since 1980, the rate of childhood asthma has: |
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| Being overweight means having a body mass index (BMI) above the ______ percentile for age on growth charts whereas being obese means having a BMI above the ______ percentile. |
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| Which of the following factors is a contributor to the decline in neighborhood play among children? |
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| What is responsible for the ability to read? |
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Definition
| massive interconnections among brain structures |
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| Frequently, school-age children on a baseball field will shout, “Think fast!” and immediately throw a baseball in the direction of a teammate. What is being tested is the teammate's: |
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| Growth in brain sophistication during middle childhood allows the child to focus on certain stimuli to the exclusion of others. This ability is known as: |
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| The process by which a sequence of thoughts and actions is repeated enough times for it to no longer require much conscious thought is called: |
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| You left your home 30 minutes ago and arrived safely at school. However, you cannot remember actually driving there. What aspect of brain development could explain this |
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Definition
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| Howard Gardner believes that: |
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Definition
| musical ability is a type of intelligence |
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| Because of better health, smaller families, and more schooling, some nations have exhibited substantial increases in IQ scores. This phenomenon is called the: |
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| Child psychologists agree that drugs are |
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Definition
| both underused and overused in treating children with ADHD. |
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| Many psychoactive drugs are prescribed to children to treat depression, but have not been adequately tested on children. The use of these drugs for children is therefore referred to as: |
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Definition
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| Research has found that appropriately medicated children with ADHD are: |
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Definition
| less likely to abuse drugs in adolescence than their nonmedicated peer |
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| Emma's speech at age 3 was difficult to understand, and she did not demonstrate the typical language explosion. Now at age 8, she is experiencing difficulty in school. Her early speech history may have been an early indication for: |
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Definition
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| It is most likely that autism spectrum disorder is caused by |
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Definition
| genetic vulnerability coupled with other factors. |
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| Which of the following statements about treatment for autism spectrum disorder is TRUE? |
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Definition
| No treatment has been found to be completely successful for treating autism. |
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Term
| Developmental psychopathology has given us the following lesson applicable to all children: |
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| According to Piaget, which of the following abilities do children gain during middle childhood? |
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Definition
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| When capable of concrete operational thought, children: |
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Definition
| can apply their reasoning to real situations. |
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Term
| The ability to understand the connection between one fact and another, even though it is not stated, is called: |
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Definition
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| Seven-year-old Hannah can arrange 10 buttons in order from smallest to largest. Her understanding of which of the following concepts allows her to accomplish this? |
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Term
| When Brazilian vendors in middle childhood were tested on mathematical ability: |
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Definition
| they did poorly on math achievement tests but understood complex math computations. |
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Term
| Children from the Varanasi region in India learn what specific ability/abilities from their culture? |
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Definition
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Term
| One of the leaders of the information-processing perspective is: |
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Definition
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Term
| Children are able to develop their own memory aids and organize information on their own at ______-years-old. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which information is most likely to be in your current working memory? |
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Definition
| the answer to this question |
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Term
| A 6-year-old is likely to use ______ to remember a new activity or new concepts. |
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Definition
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Definition
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| Identify the mechanism that assumes an executive role in the information-processing system. |
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| A lack of understanding of metaphors in middle childhood, even if a child has a large vocabulary, signifies: |
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Definition
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Term
| If Gillian is a typical 7-year-old, she learns as many as ______ new words per day. |
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Definition
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Term
| Abbreviations (such as LOL, BTW, and RU) in text messages and e-mails are all examples of: |
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Definition
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Term
| Compared to children from middle-class families, a characteristic of language in children from low-SES families is that their |
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Definition
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Term
| The sudden understanding that one's tone of voice and word selection and the context in which the language is used may override the literal content of one's speech requires a complex knowledge of: |
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Definition
| the pragmatics of language |
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Term
| Two factors that play important roles in the connection between low SES and language learning are: |
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Definition
| early exposure to language and expectations. |
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Term
| Which of the following statements is true regarding gender differences in math and reading abilities? |
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Definition
| Differences between nations are far greater than differences between genders. |
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Term
| Which of the following methods listed in the text is effective in stopping bullying in schools? |
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Definition
| using a whole-school strategy |
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Term
| What period is the prime time for moral development? |
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Definition
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| Research shows that a child is most likely to be a victim of bullying if the child is |
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Definition
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| Girls who bully typically: |
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Definition
| mock and ridicule their victim. |
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| Children's “increasing ability to regulate themselves, to take responsibility, and to exercise self-control” all contribute to their sense of: |
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Definition
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| Children may struggle to develop moral values if they are slow to develop: |
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Definition
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| Barbara is in the third grade. She spends many hours rehearsing her math skills, reading books, and collecting bugs. Even though these activities may seem boring, they are all part of Barbara's developing a healthy sense of: |
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Definition
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| Kristopher is extremely sure of himself. He gets angry when his teachers or friends try to offer him constructive criticism and is extremely impulsive. When he takes a test in school, rather than studying, he bases his answers on “what feels correct.” Which of the following statements best explains Kristopher's behavior? |
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Definition
| He is lacking in effortful control. |
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Term
| The child who weathers severe family problems, even abuse, and somehow remains unscathed in the process is termed as: |
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Definition
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Term
| Because John's mother suffers from depression and his father is an alcoholic, John is often neglected. Despite his circumstances, he maintains a positive outlook. What may be helping him keep his positive attitude? |
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Definition
| his circle of friends and their activities |
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Term
| Alan is an adopted child who lives with three siblings, all biological children of his adoptive parents. Alan's math skills are far better than those of his adoptive parents or his adoptive siblings. This provides evidence that: |
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Definition
| genes may have a stronger effect than familial environment on some abilities. |
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Term
| Developing self-respect, nurturing friendships with peers, and encouraging learning are three of the: |
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Definition
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Term
| Dimitri has been married before and has two biological children. He has just married Natasha, who has also been married before and has a biological son. Their family is an example of a: |
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Definition
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| The crucial question regarding family structure is: |
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Definition
| Whatever the structure, does it fulfill the five essential functions for school-age children? |
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Term
| Around fifth grade, what type of children are popular? |
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Definition
| athletic, cool, dominant, aggressive, arrogant |
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Term
| Over time, the consequences of bullying: |
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Definition
| relationships for the bullies and their victims. |
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Term
| A major coping measure that helps children and families deal with problems and stress is: |
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Definition
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Term
| Susan decides not to tell the teacher that her classmate Ian is cheating on the math exam because she's afraid the other kids will call her a snitch. This is an example of Kohlberg's stage ______ of moral development. |
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Definition
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| Alisha's family was experiencing multiple problems, including her mother's illness, her father's loss of employment, and two relatives having moved into their home. Through the stress, her grades remained high and her study skills good. Most likely, Alisha was: |
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Definition
| using school achievement as an escape from the stress of home. |
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Term
| The most common type of family for children in the United States is the: |
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Definition
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