Term
| Describe the Greater and Lesser Pelvis and the boundaries of the pelvic cavity |
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Definition
Greater- wings of the ilium and down to pelvic brim
Lesser- pelvic inlet is just above pubic symphysis and region goes back to tip of coccyx
Pelvic Cavity
Sup: pelvic inlet
Inf: Pelvic outlet- coccyx and pubic symphysis |
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Term
Describe the Pelvic Girdle
1. Structure
2. Function |
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Definition
1. basin shaped ring of bones that connect vertebrae to femurs
3 bones: 2 os coxae and sacrum
-fusion of pubis, ischium, iliim during puberty
2. a. bear weight of upper body
b. transfer weight from axial skeleton to limbs
c. attachment for muscles for movement and posture
d. protection of pelvic viscera
e. support for pregnant uterus and intercourse |
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Term
Describe the following bones of the pelvic girdle
1. Ilium
2. Ischium
3. Pubis |
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Definition
1. largest, articulates with sacrum
-iliac crest superior, fuses with ischium inferior
-ala separated at arcuate line (defines pelvic inlet)
-sciatic notches provide passage for sciatic nerve, piriformis muscle, obturator internus
2. body helps form acetabulum
ischial spine: projection that provides sarcospinous tendon attachment
ischial tuberosity: protuberance on inferior part for sitting down (Sitz bones)
3. articulate at pubic symphysis
-allows for twisting while walking
-when standing forms floor
Men: >70 and Women: <80
*all three form acetabulum- attachment for femur |
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Term
Describe the following bones of the pelvic girdle
1. Sacrum
2. Coccyx |
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Definition
1. triangular formed of 5 fused vertebrae
-articulates with L5 superior, ilia laterally, coccyx inferiorly
-sacral promontory (top ring) defines pelvic brim
-four sacral foramina on each side
2. tailbone!
-fusion of 4-5 vertebrae |
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Term
| Describe Pelvic Diameters and Joint Relaxation in Pregnancy |
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Definition
Obstetric conjugate: must be over 10 cm for baby
-fixed
Relaxin can loosen pubic symphysis and move coccyx and sacrum posteriorly
-10-15% more room |
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Term
| Describe the muscles of the pelvic floor |
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Definition
Diaphragm- Levator ani and Coccygeus
a. Puborectalis
b. Pubococcygeus
c. Iliococcygeus
Lateral- Obturator internus
Posterior- Piriformis |
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Term
| Describe the Perineum and the Pelvic Floor |
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Definition
Perineum: Surface area of the trunk between the thighs and buttocks, the muscle on the floor and the genitalia
Pelvic floor: forms roof to perineum
-pierced by urogential hiatus (urethra/vagina) |
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Term
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Definition
*does not extend into perineum
attached loosely to inferior abdominal wall
Rectum: retroperitoneal
Bladder and Prostate: subperitoneal |
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Term
Describe Vasculature of Pelvis
1. Arteries
2. Veins
3. Nerves |
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Definition
1. Ab aorta splits into iliac
Ext: femoral
Int: supply to pelvis
Median Sacral: tail of aorta
2. Internal iliac drains most of pelvis
-median sacral vein drains into left common iliac
3. primarily innervated by sacral and coccygeal nerves |
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Term
Describe the Bladder
1. Location
2. Size
3. Ureters
4. Walls
5. Micturition |
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Definition
1. empty: sits in lesser pelvis
full: rises up to belly button
2. 750-1000mL
3. enter at base at trigone
4. made of smooth muscle (detrusor) that must contract
5. controlled by detrusor and sphincters
int: smooth, involuntary
ext: muscular, voluntary |
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Term
Describe the Urethra
1. Size
2. Structure
3. Prostatic
4. Female |
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Definition
1. short in females (4cm) and long in males (18-22cm)
2. male divided into 4 part (spongy is longest)
3. prominent section is urethral crest where it divides in two
4. no internal sphincter; only external that runs most of full length
-paraurethral glands line urethra and moisten for sex |
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Term
Describe the Rectum
1. Placement
2. Components |
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Definition
1. retroperitoneal
2. Sigmoid-Rectum-Rectal ampulla (holds feces)-Anus |
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Term
Describe the Vas deferens
1. Pathway
2. Structure |
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Definition
1. runs from epididymis-inguinal canal in spermatic cord-lateral wall of pelvis outside peritoneum-joins seminal vesicle
2. thick muscular walls and small lumen |
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Term
Describe the Seminal Vesicle
1. Location
2. Function
3. Ejaculatory Duct |
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Definition
1. sits in between bladder and rectum
2. secrete seminal fluid for semen (80%)
-fructose, alkaline, coagulating fluid
3. short ducts that form where vas deferens and seminal vesicles merge
-pass through prostate and merge with urethra in prostate |
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Term
Describe the Prostate Gland
1. Function
2. Structure |
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Definition
1. produce milky fluid high in Zn and sugar (20%)
2. 2/3 is glandular and 1/3 is muscular
Isthmus: anterior lobe; all muscle
-prostate ducts open on posterior side of prostatic urethra |
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Term
Describe the Bulbourethreal Glands
1. Location
2. Function |
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Definition
1. lie posterior laterally to urethra
-ducts open at proximal end of spongy urethra
2. produce thick secretion during arousal to lubricate urethra |
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Term
Describe the Ovaries
1. Location
2. Function |
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Definition
1. suspended in peritoneal cavity, not covered by peritoneum
-connected to uterus by ovarian ligament and rests on broad sheet of connective tissue
2. a. oocytes develop and released
-rupture of mesothelium releases egg into peritoneal cavity
b. release estrogen |
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Term
Describe the Uterine Tubes
1. Structure
2. Function |
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Definition
1. distal end has small projections called Fimbriae
-tube is coated with cilia to move egg to uterus
a. Infundibulum- fimbriae
b. wide ampulla
c. isthmus
d. uterine part -> uterine wall
2. conduct egg from ovary to uterus
-site of fertilization |
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Term
Describe the Uterus (Womb)
1. Structure
2. Location
3. Function |
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Definition
1. thick walled, pear shaped muscular organ
Perimetrium: outer part facing peritoneum
Myometrium: smooth muscle
Endometrium: inner mucous coat
2. sits above bladder and curves around
Non gravid: in lower pelvis supported by broad and round ligament
Gravid: can occupy most of abdominal cavity
3. houses fetus, adapts to growth of fetus and provides expulsion during birth |
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Term
| Describe the Cervix and the Vagina |
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Definition
Cervix: part of uterus that projects into vagina
-surrounded by vaginal fornix
-small opening leads to cervical canal and into uterus
Vagina: 7-9cm muscular tube from cervix to outside
Functions: a. exit for menstrual fluids b. birth canal c. receptor for penis
-normally collapsed behind bladder and urethra |
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Term
| Describe Ectopic Pregnancy and Uterine Disposition |
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Definition
Ectopic: egg implants outside of uterus
most common- ampulla
Disposition: uterus can flex backward or go into vagina with increased pressure (prolapse) |
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Term
Describe the Muscles of the Perineum
1. Deep
2. Middle
3. Superficial |
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Definition
1. Levator ani- pubococcygeus, iliococcygeus
Coccygeus
*all three form pelvic diaphragm
2. external urethreal sphincter, compressor urethra, deep transverse perineal
3. ischiocavernosus, bulbospongiosus (around base of penis), superficial transverse perinal, anal sphincter |
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Term
Describe the Male Urogenital Triangle
1. Main Components
2. Line down penis and scrotum
3. Erectile Tissue
4. Penis |
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Definition
1. External genitalia (penis, scrotum, urethra) and perineal muscles
2. Raphe- bilateral formation
3. Corpora cavernosum-main body
Corpus spongiosum- urethra passes through
4. Glans-ridge=corona-body-root
Root: bulb and crura surrounded by ischiocavernosus (side) and bulbospongiosus (around base of penis) |
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Term
Describe the Female Urogenital Triangle
1. External genitalia
2. Labia
3. Vestibular glands
4. Clitoris |
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Definition
1. mons pubis, labia major and minor, clitoris, urethral and vaginal orifice
2. Major: surround pudendal cleft (labia minor and vestibule)
-terminus of round ligament of uterus
Minor: hairless folds of skin holding vestibule
3. Greater and lesser moisten vestibule and vagina during arousal
Bartholin: greater
4. similar to penis, attached to ischial rami by crura |
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